Literature:Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
The Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá (教年當配漢字表, literally "List of Hondzú by School Year"), commonly called Gavgyukk hondzú (教育漢字, literally "Education Hondzú"), is a list of hondzú and associated readings developed and maintained by the Hungarian Ministry of Education that prescribes which hondzú, and which readings of hondzú, Hungarian schoolchildren should learn for each year of primary school. Gavgyukk hondzú is a subset of Tagjony hondzúfá.
The first version of the list was introduced in 1949, and has subsequently been modified a number of times.
Year 1 (78 hondzú)
Where two hondzú are listed, separated by a stroke (/), the form to the left is the Old Form (古字形, gódzúhen), and the one to the right is the New Form (新字形, síndzúhen).
| # | Hondzú | Strokes | Middle Chinese reading | Hon (Sinitic) reading | Native (Ma) reading | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 一 | 1 | /ʔiɪt̚/ | ít̚/et̚/ett | egy/egye- | one | In legal/financial applications, 壹/弌 is used. |
| 2 | 二 | 2 | /ȵiɪH/ | ji', í | kette-/kettő/két | two | In legal/financial applications, 貳/弍 is used. |
| 3 | 三 | 3 | /sɑm/ | szam | három/hárma-/harma- | three | In legal/financial applications, 弎 is used. |
| 4 | 四 | 5 | /siɪH/ | si'/sí | négy/negye- | four | In legal/financial applications, 肆 is used. |
| 5 | 五 | 4 | /ŋuoX/ | gu"/gú | öt | five | In legal/financial applications, 伍 is used. |
| 6 | 六 | 4 | /lɨuk̚/ | lyük̚/lyükk | hat | six | In legal/financial applications, 陸 is used - see Kyoiku 631. |
| 7 | 𠀁/七 | 2 | /t͡sʰiɪt̚/ | szít̚/szet̚/szett | hét/hete- | seven | In legal/financial applications, 柒 is used. |
| 8 | 八 | 8 | /pˠɛt̚/ | pet̚/pett | nyolc | eight | In legal/financial applications, 捌 is used. |
| 9 | 九 | 2 | /kɨuX/ | kü"/kű | kilenc | nine | In legal/financial applications, 玖 is used. |
| 10 | 十 | 2 | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ | dzsíp̚/dzsipp | tíz/tize- | ten | In legal/financial applications, 拾 is used - see Kyoiku 317. |
| 11 | 百 | 6 | /pˠæk̚/ | pek̚/pekk | száz | hundred | In legal/financial applications, 佰 is used. |
| 12 | 千 | 3 | /t͡sʰen/ | szin | ezer/ezre- | thousand | In legal/financial applications, 仟 is used. |
| 13 | 上 | 3 | /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/ | csön(g), san | fel | up | |
| 14 | 下 | 3 | /ɦˠaH/ | ha'/ha, ga'/ga | le, le-; al- | down; lower-, under- (as prefix) | |
| 15 | 左 | 5 | /t͡sɑH/ | ca'/ca | bal | left (side); mis- | |
| 16 | 右 | 5 | /ɦɨuX/ | hü"/hű | jobb | right (side) | |
| 17 | 中 | 4 | /ʈɨuŋ/ | csun(g) | köz/köze-/közé-/közö- | middle | |
| 18 | 大 | 3 | /dɑiH/ | daj', dá', da" | nagy; fő | big; main, major (uncommon) | |
| 19 | 小 | 3 | /siᴇuX/ | söv, su" | kis, kics- | small, little | |
| 20 | 月 | 4 | /ŋʉɐt̚/ | gvöt̚/gvött | hold; hó | moon; month | |
| 21 | 𡆠/日 | 4 | /ȵiɪt̚/ | jit̚/ít̚/jitt/itt | nap | sun; day | 𡆠 used now only in 月𡆠, "hó-nap" |
| 22 | 年 | 6 | /nen/ | nen | év | year | |
| 23 | 早 | 6 | /t͡sɑuX/ | cav, có | kora, korán | early (adv) | |
| 24 | 木 | 4 | /muk̚/ | muk̚/mukk | fa; fa- | tree; wood; wooden | |
| 25 | 林 | 8 | /liɪm/ | lim | erd-/erdő/erde- | forest | |
| 26 | 山 | 3 | /ʃˠɛn/ | sen | hegy | mountain | |
| 27 | 川 | 3 | /t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/ | tyén | jó | river | in RWH, "jó" is now found in names only, e.g. Sajó; RWH "folyó" is not used in SM. |
| 28 | 土 | 3 | /tʰuoX/ | ho"/hó | talaj | soil, earth | |
| 29 | 𠀝 (空) | 6 | /kʰuŋ/ | hun(g) | ég; lég-/levegő | sky; air | 空 is recognised as an acceptable variant; mostly used in works translated from Chinese or Japanese. |
| 30 | 田 | 5 | /den/ | den | mező/meze-; den | field; land | The "land" meaning, read with the Hon reading, is in the sense of e.g. farmland, ploughed land. RWH "föld" is a loan from German and is considered non-standard since 1949. |
| 31 | 天 | 4 | /tʰen/ | ten, hen | menny | sky, heavens | |
| 32 | 生 | 5 | /ʃˠæŋ/ | sen(g) | nő; szűl | to grow; to give birth | |
| 33 | 花 | 7 | /hˠua/ | va | virág | flower | |
| 34 | 草 | 9 | /t͡sʰɑuX/ | szav, szó | fű, füv- | grass | |
| 35 | 蟲/虫 | 6 | /ɖɨuŋ/ | dün(g) | rovar | insect | |
| 36 | 犬 | 4 | /kʰwenX/ | vin | eb | dog | RWH word 'kutya', written 狗, is known fairly widely, but not often used, and isn't on tagjony list. |
| 37 | 人 | 2 | /ȵiɪn/ | nyín; ín, in | nyín ; nép | person, individual; people | In the sense of "person", RHW "személy" is unknown; "nyín" is used instead. |
| 38 | 名 | 6 | /miᴇŋ/ | min(g), mén(g) | hír; név/neve- | fame; name | |
| 39 | 女 | 3 | /ɳɨʌX/ | (nyü), nő | nő | woman, wife | |
| 40 | 男 | 7 | /nʌm/ | nam | huja; hím | man; male | RWH "férfi" is known but rare. "huja" is from Proto-Uralic *koje, cf. Mansi χoj, Khanty χoj, Kildin Sami kuj. |
| 41 | 子 | 3 | /t͡sɨX/ | ce" | gyerek | child | |
| 42 | 目 | 5 | /mɨuk̚/ | mük̚/mükk | szem; vél | eye; to opine, to consider | |
| 43 | 耳 | 6 | /ȵɨX/ | nye | fül | ear | |
| 44 | 口 | 3 | /kʰəuX/ | hu | száj | mouth | |
| 45 | 手 | 4 | /ɕɨuX/ | szü/szű | kéz, keze- | hand | |
| 46 | 足 | 7 | /t͡sɨok̚/ | csük̚/csükk | láb; lép | foot, leg; to step | |
| 47 | 見 | 7 | /kenH/ | kin | lát | to see | |
| 48 | 音 | 9 | /ʔˠiɪm/ | üm | hang | sound, voice | |
| 49 | 力 | 2 | /lɨk̚/ | lük̚/lükk | erő, ere-; -ség/-ság | power, force, strength; ability | Use as a suffix is now uncommon but still correct. |
| 50 | 氣/気 | 6 | /kʰɨiH/, /hɨiH/ | tyü', hü' | erő, ere- | energy | |
| 51 | 入 | 2 | /ȵiɪp̚/ | nyíp̚/nyípp | be/be-; -ba/-be | in, in- | Use as illative case marker considered obsolete since 1949. |
| 52 | 出 | 5 | /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/ | tyot̚/tyott | ki/ki-; -ból/-ből | out, out- | Use as elative case marker considered obsolete since 1949. |
| 53 | 立 | 5 | /liɪp̚/ | líp̚/lípp | áll | to stand | |
| 54 | 休 | 6 | /hɨu/ | hü | pihen | to rest | |
| 55 | 先 | 6 | /sen/ | szen | el- | first, before, beforehand, etc. | |
| 56 | 夕 | 3 | /ziᴇk̚/ | zsek̚/zsekk | est, este | evening (n) | |
| 57 | 本 | 5 | /puənX/ | fun | gyök, gyök{ér} | root | |
| 58 | 文 | 4 | /mɨun/ | mün | mün | written language; text | RWH phrasal noun "írott nyelv" not used; RWH "szöveg" unknown. |
| 59 | 字 | 6 | /d͡zɨH/ | dzu, dze | betű | letter, character | |
| 60 | 學/学 | 8 | /ɦˠʌk̚/ | hak̚/gak̚/gakk | tan, -tan | science, study (n), -logy, theory, doctrine | |
| 61 | 校 | 10 | /ɦˠauH/ | hav/gav | gú | school | Used mostly in compounds, but occasionally alone, read as "gú". RWH "iskola" is known, written in Squarescript. |
| 62 | 村 | 7 | /t͡sʰuən/ | szün | szün | hamlet, settlement, village | RWH word "falú does not exist. |
| 63 | 町 | 7 | /tʰeŋ/ | hen(g) | tér | field, area, square (in city) | Used for all RW senses of "tér"; pitch/rink/etc - area for playing a game (RWH "pálya" is unknown). |
| /deŋX/ | den(g) | dengg | town; ward (subdivision of a city) |
RHW "falú" and "kerület" are unknown | |||
| 64 | 森 | 12 | /ʃˠiɪm/ | sim | bozót | thicket, dense forest | |
| 65 | 正 | 5 | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ/ | csén(g) | cséngg | precise, exact; right, correct | RHW "pontos" and "helyes" unknown. |
| 66 | 水 | 4 | /ɕˠiuɪX/ | si | víz | water | |
| 67 | 火 | 4 | /huɑX/ | va" | tűz | fire | |
| 68 | 玉 | 5 | /ŋɨok̚/ | gyük̚/gyükk/ék | ék | gem, jewel | Mostly used in compounds. |
| 69 | 王 | 4 | /ɦʉɐŋ/ | hán(g) | kende; hán | king | "kende" is used only for the king of Hungary; "hán" for all others. RHW "király" is known (written in Squarescript) but considered obsolete. |
| 70 | 石 | 5 | /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ | gyég | kő, köv-, kav- | stone, rock | |
| 71 | 絲/糸 | 6 | /sɨ/ | sze | szíj; sáv | string, thread; lane, row | RWH "cérna" is loan from German - known in SM but considered non-standard; "szíj" is not used in RWH sense of "belt". |
| 72 | 貝 | 7 | /pɑiH/ | paj | paj | coin | RHW "érme" is unknown. RWH "pénz" (as "péndz") is known (written in Squarescript), but is not used like RWH "aprópénz" for "coin(s)". |
| 73 | 車 | 7 | /t͡ɕʰia/ | sa | szekér | vehicle | RWH "kocsi" is unknown; "szekér" is used to refer to all sorts of land vehicle, powered or otherwise. |
| 74 | 金 | 8 | /kˠiɪm/ | küm | fém | metal | |
| 75 | 雨/㲾 | 7 | /ɦɨoX/ | hö' | ragy | rain | SM "ragy" cf. Mansi rakw; RWH "eső" does not exist in the sense of "rain". |
| 76 | 赤 | 7 | /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ | tyek̚/tyekk | pir, pir{os} | red | |
| 77 | 青 | 8 | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | szén(g) | kék | blue; black (of hair); green (of forests) | |
| 78 | 白 | 5 | /bˠæk̚/ | bek̚/bekk | fehér/fejér | white |