Literature:Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá
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The Gavnentagfaj hondzúfá (教年當配漢字表, literally "List of Hondzú by School Year"), commonly called Gavgyukk hondzú (教育漢字, literally "Education Hondzú"), is a list of hondzú and associated readings developed and maintained by the Hungarian Ministry of Education that prescribes which hondzú, and which readings of hondzú, Hungarian schoolchildren should learn for each year of primary school. Gavgyukk hondzú is a subset of Tagjony hondzúfá.
The first version of the list was introduced in 1949, and has subsequently been modified a number of times.
Year 1 (78 hondzú)
Where two hondzú are listed, separated by a stroke (/), the form to the left is the Old Form (古字形, gódzúhen), and the one to the right is the New Form (新字形, síndzúhen).
| # | Hondzú | Strokes | Middle Chinese reading | Hon (Sinitic) reading | Native (Ma) reading | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 一 | 1 | /ʔiɪt̚/ | ít̚/et̚/ett | egy/egye- | one | In legal/financial applications, 壹/弌 is used. |
| 2 | 二 | 2 | /ȵiɪH/ | nyi', nyí | kette-/kettő/két | two | In legal/financial applications, 貳/弍 is used. |
| 3 | 三 | 3 | /sɑm/ | szam | három/hárma-/harma- | three | In legal/financial applications, 弎 is used. |
| 4 | 四 | 5 | /siɪH/ | si'/sí | négy/negye- | four | In legal/financial applications, 肆 is used. |
| 5 | 五 | 4 | /ŋuoX/ | gu"/gú | öt | five | In legal/financial applications, 伍 is used. |
| 6 | 六 | 4 | /lɨuk̚/ | lyük̚/lyükk | hat | six | In legal/financial applications, 陸 is used - see Kyoiku 631. |
| 7 | 𠀁/七 | 2 | /t͡sʰiɪt̚/ | szít̚/szet̚/szett | hét/hete- | seven | In legal/financial applications, 柒 is used. |
| 8 | 八 | 8 | /pˠɛt̚/ | pet̚/pett | nyolc | eight | In legal/financial applications, 捌 is used. |
| 9 | 九 | 2 | /kɨuX/ | kü"/kű | kilenc | nine | In legal/financial applications, 玖 is used. |
| 10 | 十 | 2 | /d͡ʑiɪp̚/ | dzsíp̚/dzsipp | tíz/tize- | ten | In legal/financial applications, 拾 is used - see Kyoiku 317. |
| 11 | 百 | 6 | /pˠæk̚/ | pek̚/pekk | száz | hundred | In legal/financial applications, 佰 is used. |
| 12 | 千 | 3 | /t͡sʰen/ | szin | ezer/ezre- | thousand | In legal/financial applications, 仟 is used. |
| 13 | 上 | 3 | /d͡ʑɨɐŋH/ | csön(g), san | fel | up | |
| 14 | 下 | 3 | /ɦˠaH/ | ha'/ha, ga'/ga | le, le-; al- | down; lower-, under- (as prefix) | |
| 15 | 左 | 5 | /t͡sɑH/ | ca'/ca | bal | left (side); mis- | |
| 16 | 右 | 5 | /ɦɨuX/ | hü"/hű | jobb | right (side) | |
| 17 | 中 | 4 | /ʈɨuŋ/ | csun(g) | köz/köze-/közé-/közö- | middle | |
| 18 | 大 | 3 | /dɑiH/ | daj', dá', da" | nagy; fő | big; main, major (uncommon) | |
| 19 | 小 | 3 | /siᴇuX/ | söv, su" | kis, kics- | small, little | |
| 20 | 月 | 4 | /ŋʉɐt̚/ | gvöt̚/gvött | hold; hó | moon; month | |
| 21 | 𡆠/日 | 4 | /ȵiɪt̚/ | jit̚/nyit̚/jitt/nyitt | nap | sun; day | 𡆠 used now only in 月𡆠, "hó-nap" |
| 22 | 年 | 6 | /nen/ | nen | év | year | |
| 23 | 早 | 6 | /t͡sɑuX/ | cav, có | kora, korán | early (adv) | |
| 24 | 木 | 4 | /muk̚/ | muk̚/mukk | fa; fa- | tree; wood; wooden | |
| 25 | 林 | 8 | /liɪm/ | rim | erd-/erdő/erde- | forest | |
| 26 | 山 | 3 | /ʃˠɛn/ | sen | hegy | mountain | |
| 27 | 川 | 3 | /t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/ | tyén | jó | river | in RWH, "jó" is now found in names only, e.g. Sajó; RWH "folyó" is not used in SM. |
| 28 | 土 | 3 | /tʰuoX/ | ho"/hó | talaj | soil, earth | |
| 29 | 𠀝 (空) | 6 | /kʰuŋ/ | hun(g) | ég; lég-/levegő | sky; air | 空 is recognised as an acceptable variant; mostly used in works translated from Chinese or Japanese. |
| 30 | 田 | 5 | /den/ | den | mező/meze-; den | field; land | The "land" meaning, read with the Hon reading, is in the sense of e.g. farmland, ploughed land. RWH "föld" is a loan from German and is considered non-standard since 1949. |
| 31 | 天 | 4 | /tʰen/ | ten, hen | menny | sky, heavens | |
| 32 | 生 | 5 | /ʃˠæŋ/ | sen(g) | nő; szűl | to grow; to give birth | |
| 33 | 花 | 7 | /hˠua/ | va | virág | flower | |
| 34 | 草 | 9 | /t͡sʰɑuX/ | szav, szó | fű, füv- | grass | |
| 35 | 蟲/虫 | 6 | /ɖɨuŋ/ | dün(g) | rovar | insect | |
| 36 | 犬 | 4 | /kʰwenX/ | vin | eb | dog | RWH word 'kutya', written 狗, is known fairly widely, but not often used, and isn't on tagjony list. |
| 37 | 人 | 2 | /ȵiɪn/ | nyín; ín, in | nyín ; nép | person, individual; people | In the sense of "person", RHW "személy" is unknown; "nyín" is used instead. |
| 38 | 名 | 6 | /miᴇŋ/ | min(g), mén(g) | hír; név/neve- | fame; name | |
| 39 | 女 | 3 | /ɳɨʌX/ | (nyü), nő | nő | woman, wife | |
| 40 | 男 | 7 | /nʌm/ | nam | huja; hím | man; male | RWH "férfi" is known but rare. "huja" is from Proto-Uralic *koje, cf. Mansi χoj, Khanty χoj, Kildin Sami kuj. |
| 41 | 子 | 3 | /t͡sɨX/ | ce" | gyerek | child | |
| 42 | 目 | 5 | /mɨuk̚/ | mük̚/mükk | szem; vél | eye; to opine, to consider | |
| 43 | 耳 | 6 | /ȵɨX/ | nye | fül | ear | |
| 44 | 口 | 3 | /kʰəuX/ | hu | száj | mouth | |
| 45 | 手 | 4 | /ɕɨuX/ | szü/szű | kéz, keze- | hand | |
| 46 | 足 | 7 | /t͡sɨok̚/ | csük̚/csükk | láb; lép | foot, leg; to step | |
| 47 | 見 | 7 | /kenH/ | kin | lát | to see | |
| 48 | 音 | 9 | /ʔˠiɪm/ | üm | zaj | sound, noise | |
| 49 | 力 | 2 | /lɨk̚/ | lük̚/lükk | erő, ere-; -ség/-ság | power, force, strength; ability | Use as a suffix is now uncommon but still correct. |
| 50 | 氣/気 | 6 | /kʰɨiH/, /hɨiH/ | tyü', hü' | erő, ere- | energy | |
| 51 | 入 | 2 | /ȵiɪp̚/ | nyíp̚/nyípp | be/be-; -ba/-be | in, in- | Use as illative case marker considered obsolete since 1949. |
| 52 | 出 | 5 | /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/ | tyot̚/tyott | ki/ki-; -ból/-ből | out, out- | Use as elative case marker considered obsolete since 1949. |
| 53 | 立 | 5 | /liɪp̚/ | líp̚/lípp | áll | to stand | |
| 54 | 休 | 6 | /hɨu/ | hü | pihen | to rest | |
| 55 | 先 | 6 | /sen/ | szen | el- | first, before, beforehand, etc. | |
| 56 | 夕 | 3 | /ziᴇk̚/ | zsek̚/zsekk | est, este | evening (n) | |
| 57 | 本 | 5 | /puənX/ | fun | gyök, gyök{ér} | root | |
| 58 | 文 | 4 | /mɨun/ | mün | mün | written language; text | RWH phrasal noun "írott nyelv" not used; RWH "szöveg" unknown. |
| 59 | 字 | 6 | /d͡zɨH/ | dzu, dze | betű | letter, character | |
| 60 | 學/学 | 8 | /ɦˠʌk̚/ | hak̚/gak̚/gakk | tan, -tan | science, study (n), -logy, theory, doctrine | |
| 61 | 校 | 10 | /ɦˠauH/ | hav/gav | gú | school | Used mostly in compounds, but occasionally alone, read as "gú". RWH "iskola" is known, written in Squarescript. |
| 62 | 村 | 7 | /t͡sʰuən/ | szün | szün | hamlet, settlement, village | RWH word "falú does not exist. |
| 63 | 町 | 7 | /tʰeŋ/ | hen(g) | tér | field, area, square (in city) | Used for all RW senses of "tér"; pitch/rink/etc - area for playing a game (RWH "pálya" is unknown). |
| /deŋX/ | den(g) | dengg | town | RHW "falú" is unknown | |||
| 64 | 森 | 12 | /ʃˠiɪm/ | sim | bozót | thicket, dense forest | |
| 65 | 正 | 5 | /t͡ɕiᴇŋ/ | csén(g) | cséngg | precise, exact; right, correct | RHW "pontos" and "helyes" unknown. |
| 66 | 水 | 4 | /ɕˠiuɪX/ | si | víz | water | |
| 67 | 火 | 4 | /huɑX/ | va" | tűz | fire | |
| 68 | 玉 | 5 | /ŋɨok̚/ | gyük̚/gyükk/ék | ék | gem, jewel | Mostly used in compounds. |
| 69 | 王 | 4 | /ɦʉɐŋ/ | hán(g) | kende; hán | king | "kende" is used only for the king of Hungary; "hán" for all others. RHW "király" is known (written in Squarescript) but considered obsolete. |
| 70 | 石 | 5 | /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ | gyég | kő, köv-, kav- | stone, rock | |
| 71 | 絲/糸 | 6 | /sɨ/ | sze | szíj; sáv | string, thread; lane, row | RWH "cérna" is loan from German - known in SM but considered non-standard; "szíj" is not used in RWH sense of "belt". |
| 72 | 貝 | 7 | /pɑiH/ | paj | paj | coin | RHW "érme" is unknown. RWH "pénz" (as "péndz") is known (written in Squarescript), but is not used like RWH "aprópénz" for "coin(s)". |
| 73 | 車 | 7 | /t͡ɕʰia/ | sa | szekér | vehicle | RWH "kocsi" is unknown; "szekér" is used to refer to all sorts of land vehicle, powered or otherwise. |
| 74 | 金 | 8 | /kˠiɪm/ | küm | fém | metal | |
| 75 | 雨/㲾 | 7 | /ɦɨoX/ | hö' | ragy | rain | SM "ragy" cf. Mansi rakw; RWH "eső" does not exist in the sense of "rain". |
| 76 | 赤 | 7 | /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ | tyek̚/tyekk | pir, pir{os} | red | |
| 77 | 青 | 8 | /t͡sʰeŋ/ | szén(g) | kék | blue; black (of hair); green (of forests) | |
| 78 | 白 | 5 | /bˠæk̚/ | bek̚/bekk | fehér/fejér | white |
Year 2 (163 hondzú)
| # | Hondzú | Strokes | Middle Chinese reading | Hon (Sinitic) reading | Native (Ma) reading | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 79 | 數/数 | 13 | /ʃɨoX/ | sö" | gyakor-/gyakr{an} | often, frequent | |
| 80 | 多 | 6 | /tɑ/ | ta | sok | many; much | |
| 81 | 少 | 4 | /ɕiᴇuX/ | söv | eje | young, juvenile | RWH "ifjú" unknown; "eje" from Proto-Ugric *äjɜ |
| 82 | 萬/万 | 3 | /mʉɐnH/ | möny | mönny | ten thousand | RWH "tízezer" not used |
| 83 | 半 | 5 | /puɑnH/ | fany | fél/fele- | half | |
| 84 | 形 | 7 | /ɦeŋ/ | hen(g) | alak | shape, form | |
| 85 | 太 | 4 | /tʰɑiH/ | taj, haj | túl | too | |
| 86 | 細 | 11 | /seiH/ | szej | sovány | skinny | |
| 87 | 廣/広 | 5 | /kwɑŋX/ | kvan(g) | laza | loose | |
| 88 | 長 | 8 | /ɖɨɐŋ/ | gyön(g) | hossz | length | |
| 89 | 點/点 | 9 | /temX/ | tem | csepp, csöpp | drip (n), drop (of water) | |
| 90 | 丸 | 3 | /ɦuɑn/ | van | gömb | sphere | |
| 91 | 交 | 6 | /kˠau/ | kav/gav, gá | vegy{ít} | to mix, to blend, to combine (vt) | |
| 92 | 灮 | 6 | /kwɑŋ/ | kvan(g) | fény | light | modern Japanese/Chinese form '光' not used |
| 93 | 隅 | 12 | /ŋɨo/ | gyö | zug | corner | "zug" is RW/SM from PUg *suŋɜ; RWH "sarok" unknown |
| 94 | 角 | 7 | /kˠʌk̚/ | kok̚/kokk | szarv | antler, horn | |
| 95 | 計 | 9 | /keiH/ | kej | mér | to measure | |
| 96 | 直 | 8 | /ɖɨk̚/ | dik̚/dikk | taza | straight line (n) | "taza" from PU *tasa; RWH "egyenes" unknown |
| 97 | 線 | 15 | /siᴇnH/ | sen | von | to line, to draw a line; to draw, to drag, to pull | |
| 98 | 矢 | 5 | /ɕˠiɪX/ | szü"/szű | nyíl | arrow | |
| 99 | 弱 | 10 | /ȵɨɐk̚/ | nyök̚/nyökk | gyenge | weak | |
| 100 | 強 | 11 | /ɡɨɐŋ/ | gyön(g) | terev/terv- | force, strength, power | "terev" from PFU *tärmä, cf. Mansi tērəŋ, Khanty tärəm |
| 101 | 高 | 10 | /kɑu/ | kav | harav/harv- | tall; high | RWH "magas" unknown; "harav" from PU *korkɜ |
| 102 | 同 | 6 | /duŋ/ | dun(g) | azon | that one, those | (Ger. derselbe, jener) |
| 103 | 親 | 16 | /t͡sʰiɪn/ | szín | rokon | blood relative, kin | |
| 104 | 母 | 5 | /məuX/ | mu | anya | mother | |
| 105 | 父 | 4 | /bɨoX/ | bö | apa, atya | father | |
| 106 | 姊 | 8 | /t͡sɨX/ | ce | háza, cej | older sister | "háza" cf. Khanty "χatȧ"; "cej" adapted from hon reading, former rarer/poetic; RWH "nővér" unknown |
| 107 | 兄 | 5 | /hˠwiæŋ/ | vég | bátty | older brother | |
| 108 | 弟 | 7 | /deiX/ | dej | öccs | younger brother | |
| 109 | 妹 | 8 | /muʌiH/ | müj | húg | younger sister | |
| 110 | 自 | 6 | /d͡ziɪH/ | dzi' | ön-; saját | self-; one's own | |
| 111 | 友 | 4 | /ɦɨuX/ | hü"/hű | ját | friend; companion, partner | in RWH "ját" is archaic; in SM "társ" unknown; "barát" in Squarescript as loan |
| 112 | 體/体 | 7 | /tʰeiX/ | hí | test | body | |
| 113 | 毛 | 4 | /mɑu/ | mav, mó | haj | hair | |
| 114 | 頭 | 16 | /dəu/ | du | fej; fő | head; chief, boss (n); chief (adj), primary | |
| 115 | 顏/顔 | 18 | /ŋˠan/ | gan | arc | face (lit and fig) | |
| 116 | 𩠐 | 9 | /ɕɨuX/ | sü"/sű | nyak | neck | |
| 117 | 心 | 4 | /siɪm/ | szím/szív | szív | heart | |
| 118 | 時 | 10 | /d͡ʑɨ/ | gye | idő | time | |
| 119 | 曜 | 18 | /jiᴇuH/ | jöv | ragyog | to shine | |
| 120 | 朝 | 12 | /ʈˠiᴇu/ | töv | reg | morning | also abbr. for (North) Korea. RWH "reg" is archaic form of "reggel", "in the morning" |
| 121 | 晝/昼 | 9 | /ʈɨuH/ | tü'/tű | dél | noon | RWH "dél" unknown in the sense of "south" |
| 122 | 夜 | 8 | /jiaH/ | ja, éj | éj | night | |
| 123 | 分 | 4 | /pɨun/ | pün/fün | perc | minute | |
| 124 | 週 | 11 | /t͡ɕɨu/ | tyü'/tyű | tyű | week | RWH "hét" is not used in the sense of "week" |
| 125 | 春 | 9 | /t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ | tyon | tavasz | spring (season) | |
| 126 | 夏 | 10 | /ɦˠaX/ | ha | nyár | summer | |
| 127 | 秋 | 9 | /t͡sʰɨu/ | szü'/szű | ősz | autumn | |
| 128 | 冬 | 5 | /tuoŋ/ | fug | tél | winter | |
| 129 | 今 | 4 | /kˠiɪm/ | tyím | most | now | |
| 130 | 新 | 13 | /siɪn/ | sín | új | new | |
| 131 | 古 | 5 | /kuoX/ | kó | ó, av- | old | |
| 132 | 間 | 12 | /kˠɛnH/ | kin | köz | interval, space in between | |
| 133 | 方 | 4 | /pʉɐŋ/ | fön(g) | föng | parallel | RWH "párhuzamos" unknown |
| 134 | 北 | 5 | /pək̚/ | pok̚/pokk, fök̚ | észak | north | |
| 135 | 南 | 9 | /nʌm/ | nam | nam | south | RWH "dél" is not used in the sense of "south", only as "noon" |
| 136 | 東 | 8 | /tuŋ/ | tun(g) | tung | east | RWH "kelet" unknown |
| 137 | 㢴 (西) | 6 | /sei/ | szej | szej | west | RWH "nyugat" unknown. 西 is recognised since 1987 as an acceptable variant of 㢴 |
| 138 | 遠 | 13 | /ɦʉɐnX/ | vön | messze/messzi-; el/el- | far; away | |
| 139 | 近 | 7 | /ɡɨnH/ | gyün | raka | near, close | RWH "közel" unknown; "raka" from PFU *rakka, cf. "rokon" |
| 140 | 前 | 9 | /d͡zen/ | dzin | él, el- | edge, front part | |
| 141 | 後 | 9 | /ɦəuX/ | hu | ágya | rear edge, after part | "ágya" from PFU *ońća |
| 142 | 內 | 4 | /nuʌiH/ | nüj | bél; bel- | inside (n); gut, internal organs; internal, domestic | |
| 143 | 外 | 5 | /ŋuɑiH/ | gvaj, gaj | kül/kül- | exterior; external | |
| 144 | 場 | 12 | /ɖɨɐŋ/ | gyön(g) | hely | place | |
| 145 | 地 | 6 | /diɪH/ | gyí, dí | foda | earth, ground | "foda" from PIE via FP/?PFU *puntɜ, cf. Khanty pĕtə, Mansi pät; RWH "föld" is loan from German, archaic in SM |
| 146 | 國/国 | 8 | /kwək̚/ | gvok̚, gök̚ | orsz | country | RWH derivative form "ország" unknown |
| 147 | 園/园 | 13 | /ɦʉɐn/ | vön | liget | grove; park; garden | RWH "kert" unknown |
| 148 | 谷 | 7 | /kuk̚/ | kuk̚/kukk | völgy | valley | |
| 149 | 野 | 11 | /jiaX/ | ja, jé | mező | field, plain | |
| 150 | 原 | 10 | /ŋʉɐn/ | gvön | rét | meadow, grassland | |
| 151 | 里 | 7 | /lɨX/ | re, li | rej; telep | li (323 m - Tang Dynasty li); ranch, plantation, estate | |
| 152 | 市 | 5 | /d͡ʑɨX/ | gye/gyé | gyéj | city, town | RWH "város" unknown |
| 153 | 京 | 8 | /kˠiæŋ/ | tyen(g) | tyeng ; Buda | capital city; Buda | RWH "főváros" unknown; also used in Tokyo, Beijing, Kyongsong etc) |
| 154 | 風 | 9 | /pɨuŋ/ | fün(g) | szél | wind | |
| 155 | 雪 | 11 | /siuᴇt̚/ | sét̚/sét | hó/hav- | snow | |
| 156 | 雲 | 12 | /ɦɨun/ | jün | felhő | cloud | |
| 157 | 池 | 6 | /ɖˠiᴇ/, /dɑ/ | gyi, da, tó | tó/tav- | lake, pond | |
| 158 | 海 | 10 | /hʌiX/ | höj | tenger | sea, ocean | |
| 159 | 岩 | 8 | ? | gyam | szirt | cliff; reef | RWH "szikla" exists but written in Squarescript as a Slavic loan |
| 160 | 星 | 9 | /seŋ/ | szen(g) | csillag | star | |
| 161 | 室 | 9 | /ɕiɪt̚/ | szít̚/szít | azag, szítt | room | RWH "szoba" unknown |
| 162 | 戶 | 4 | /ɦuoX/ | hó | ajtó | door | |
| 163 | 家 | 10 | /kˠa/ | ka | ház, haza | house, home | |
| 164 | 寺 | 6 | /zɨH/ | ze/zej | zej | Buddhist temple | Buddhism was learnt from the Tang Chinese; syncretised with Magyar paganism; was discouraged by the Turks, then explicitly supressed under Hapsburg rule; re-embraced during the Reawakening of the 19th century, gaining widespread popularity in the 1900s-1930s |
| 165 | 通 | 10 | /tʰuŋ/ | hun(g) | jár | to walk (vi); to go regularly, to attend; to move, move around, move repeatedly; etc. | |
| 166 | 門 | 8 | /muən/ | mén | kapu | gate | |
| 167 | 道 | 12 | /dɑuX/ | dó | út | road, way; Tao | |
| 168 | 話 | 13 | /ɦˠuaiH/ | faj | beszéd | speech, talk (n) | |
| 169 | 言 | 7 | /ŋɨɐn/ | gyön | mond | to say | |
| 170 | 答 | 12 | /tʌp̚/ | tap̚/tapp | vógya | answer (n) | cf. Fin. vastaa, PFW *wasta; RWH "válasz" unknown |
| 171 | 聲/声 | 7 | /ɕiᴇŋ/ | szén(g) | hang | voice | |
| 172 | 聞 | 14 | /mɨun/ | műn | hall | to hear | |
| 173 | 語 | 14 | /ŋɨʌX/ | gyü"/gyű | jel | signal (ma reading); spoken language (hon reading) |
RWH "nyelv" not used in sense of "spoken language" |
| 174 | 讀/読 | 14 | /duk̚/ | duk̚, dukk | olvas | to read | |
| 175 | 書 | 10 | /ɕɨʌ/ | szü/szű | könyv | book | |
| 176 | 記 | 10 | /kɨH/ | ke | eml- | memory | with hon reading - poetic; ma reading used only in derived forms |
| 177 | 紙 | 10 | /t͡ɕiᴇX/ | tyi | tyej, papír | paper | "tyej" derived from hon reading, as paper was learned from the Chinese; that word is now archaic and not used, and 紙 was assigned the "papír" reading in 1949. |
| 178 | 畵 | 13 | /ɦˠwɛk̚/ | vek̚/vekk | vekk; vek- | brush stroke; vinculum; to write (vekik) (j畫/画) | |
| 179 | 繪/絵 | 12 | /ɦuɑiH/ | faj | kép | picture | |
| 180 | 圖 | 14 | /duo/ | dó | rajz | drawing | |
| 181 | 工 | 3 | /kuŋ/ | kun(g) | mű | work (n); artificial | |
| 182 | 教 | 11 | /kˠauH/ | gav | tan | doctrine, teaching | |
| 183 | 晴 | 12 | /d͡ziᴇŋ/ | dzsén(g) | ések/ésk- | clear (adj; of weather, water, etc | cf. Sami čœsˈka-, Komi ćoćke̮m. RWH "tiszta" (a loan from Slavic) is also known and used |
| 184 | 思 | 9 | /sɨ/ | sze | gond | care, concern, worry | |
| 185 | 考 | 6 | /kʰɑuX/ | kav | vizsga | examination, test | |
| 186 | 知 | 8 | /ʈiᴇ/ | ti | tud | to know | |
| 187 | 才 | 3 | /d͡zʌi/ | dzöj | ért | to understand | |
| 188 | 理 | 11 | /lɨX/ | re | ok | reason (n); cause (n) | |
| 189 | 算 | 14 | /suɑnX/ | szún | szám | number | |
| 190 | 作 | 7 | /t͡sɑk̚/, /t͡sɑH/ | cak̚/cakk, ca | tesz | to do, to make | |
| 191 | 元 | 4 | /ŋʉɐn/ | gvön | alap | base, foundation; basis | |
| 192 | 食 | 9 | /ʑɨk̚/ | zek̚/zekk | e- | to eat | |
| 193 | 肉 | 6 | /ȵɨuk̚/ | nyuk̚/nyukk | hús | meat | |
| 194 | 馬 | 10 | /mˠaX/ | ma | ló | horse | |
| 195 | 牛 | 4 | /ŋɨu/ | gyu/gyú | marha | cattle, ox; beef | |
| 196 | 魚 | 11 | /ŋɨʌ/ | gyü/gyű | hal | fish | |
| 197 | 鳥 | 11 | /teuX/ | tiv | madár | bird | |
| 198 | 羽 | 6 | /ɦɨoH/ | hö'/hő | toll | feather; pen | |
| 199 | 鳴 | 14 | /mˠiæŋ/ | mén(g) | sír | to cry | |
| 200 | 麥/麦 | 7 | /mˠɛk̚/ | mek̚/mekk | búza | wheat | |
| 201 | 米 | 6 | /meiX/ | mej | rizs; [gabona] | rice; grain | use of 米 in the "grain" sense deprecated since 1949, "gabona" since then written in squarescript as loan from Slavic |
| 202 | 茶 | 9 | /ɖˠa/ | da | da | tea | RWH "tea" unknown, since the ancient Magyars already knew of tea from the Chinese |
| 203 | 色 | 6 | /ʃɨk̚/ | sek̚/sekk | szín | colour | |
| 204 | 黃 | 12 | /ɦwɑŋ/ | fan(g) | sárga | yellow | |
| 205 | 黑/黒 | 11 | /hək̚/ | hok̚/hokk, fekk | fekete; sötét | black; dark | |
| 206 | 來/来 | 7 | /lʌi/ | löj | jön | to come | |
| 207 | 行 | 6 | /ɦˠæŋ/ | hen(g) | sor | row, line | |
| 208 | 歸/帰 | 10 | /kʉi/ | küj | ferjel | to return, to come back to | loan from FP *perɜ-, cf. Khanty pĕrəj-, Mansi pēryəlāl |
| 209 | 步 | 7 | /buoH/ | bó | gyalog | on foot, walking (adv); pawn (chess) | |
| 210 | 走 | 7 | /t͡səuH/ | cu'/cú | fut | to run | |
| 211 | 止 | 4 | /t͡ɕɨX/ | tye | vég; meg- | end, finish (n); meg- | use as the perfective prefix "meg-" deprecated since 1949, but still encountered |
| 212 | 活 | 9 | /kuɑt̚/ | fat̚/fatt | él | to live | |
| 213 | 店 | 8 | /temH/ | tim | bolt | shop, store | |
| 214 | 買 | 12 | /mˠɛX/ | vej | vesz | to take; to buy | |
| 215 | 賣/売 | 7 | /mˠɛH/ | mej | ad | to give | |
| 216 | 汽 | 7 | ? | kej | gőz | steam | |
| 217 | 弓 | 3 | /kɨuŋ/ | tyün(g) | íj; ív | bow (1. for shooting arrows; 2. for playing a violin); arc, arch, curve | |
| 218 | 回 | 6 | /ɦuʌi/ | hüj | forog; -szor | to spin, to rotate; -times | |
| 219 | 會/会 | 6 | /ɦuɑiH/ | kvaj | hájal | to meet | From PFU *kajɜ-, cf. Fin kajoa, Mansi χōj-, Khanty χaj-; RWH "találkozik" unknown |
| 220 | 甸 | 7 | /denH/ | den | ural- | to dominate; to govern | |
| 221 | 組 | 11 | /t͡suoX/ | cú | fon | to weave | |
| 222 | 船 | 11 | /ʑiuᴇn/ | zén | hajó | ship, boat | |
| 223 | 艿 | 6 | /ȵɨŋ/ | nyen(g) | burgonya | potato | |
| 224 | 丏 | 4 | /menX/ | men | rejt | to hide, to hide away, to conceal (vt) | |
| 225 | 明 | 8 | /mˠiæŋ/ | men(g) | derű | bright weather, clear sky; serenity, gaiety, jocularity | |
| 226 | 社 | 7 | /d͡ʑiaX/ | gya | gya | society | RWH "társaság" and "társadalom" are unknown |
| 227 | 切 | 4 | /t͡sʰeiH/, /t͡sʰet̚/ | szí, szit̚/szitt | vág | to cut | |
| 228 | 電 | 13 | /den/ | den | vill-{ám;any} | lightning; electricity | |
| 229 | 每/毎 | 6 | /muʌiH/ | maj | mind | all | |
| 230 | 合 | 6 | /ɦʌp̚/ | höp̚/höpp | ill{ik} | to suit, to fit (vi); to be proper (of manners) (vi) | |
| 231 | 當 | 13 | /tɑŋ/ | tan(g), tag | által | (postp) by, by means of | nowadays very rarely used as the postposition, mostly in compounds |
| 232 | 臺/台 | 5 | /dʌi/ | daj | daj | tower | RWH "torony" exists written in squarescript, more usually used alone; 台 mostly used in compounds |
| 233 | 樂/楽 | 13 | /ŋˠʌk̚/ | gok̚/gokk | zene | music | |
| 234 | 公 | 4 | /kuŋ/ | kun(g) | horka | 1. duke (ma) 2. kun(g)- (as prefix) public- | |
| 235 | 引 | 4 | /jiɪnH/ | jín | húz | to pull | |
| 236 | 科 | 6 | /kʰuɑ/ | fa | szint | level, grade; floor | |
| 237 | 歌 | 14 | /kɑ/ | ka | ének | song | |
| 238 | 刀 | 2 | /tɑu/ | tú | kés | knife | |
| 239 | 番 | 12 | /pʰʉɐn/ | fön | ismét | again | |
| 240 | 用 | 5 | /jɨoŋH/ | jony, jon(g) | haszon | use (n), advantage, benefit; profit, gain | |
| 241 | 何 | 7 | /ɦɑ/ | ha | mi | what |