Eighth edition lekma

The conlang named lekma /ˈleχmɐ/ is an experimental language, on a waypoint in making a miniature,
for learning about languages to make it, also for making it to learn about languages.

The uekma /ˈɥexmä/ is a conlang. Type (the aim): being low amount of distinct categories. a half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others.

words are full nouns or morpheme nouns

nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns): demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: l,hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) aaena, aauda/ŋdɐ/(processive) aaein,aaeni,aandi/ˈ..ndi/(perfective, an,en,ne,hen/ɦen/, vowel to nasalise+/en/(nominaliser).

full nouns are indicative forms. borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some then enter full nouns. VO phrases are also full nouns. e are null vowel null consonants if they are free from diacritics.

• (you might find pseudo phonetic notation in this site)

Phonemes Nasal: mam(m) nan(dental n,ɲ) uâu(ŋ) Stop: bab(b-p) dad(dental d-t) cac(k-ɡ) aâe(ʔ) Sibilant affricate: zae(t͡s voiced-devoiced) tât(ʈ͡ʂ) Sibilant fricative: sas(s-palatal s) xarse(ç-ʂ) Fricative: fâf(f) vàe(ʋ) kak(χ-x,k) iáe(ʝ) hae(ɦ) Trill: rae(ʀ-r) Approximant: `(short u) lál,uae(ɥ-ʎ,l) ´(short i) har(short turned a)

Close aie,aîe(i iː) aüe,aúe(y yː) aïe,aui(ɯ:) aue,aûe(u uː) Mid aee,aêe,eäe,aei(e eː) aöe,aeu(ø øː) aëe(ɤ) aoe,aôe(o oː) aao(turned v:) Open aae,aaa,aâe,aai(ä ɐ äː)

found laa/ga:/ so some are irregular.
gemination affects vowel before it to lengthen or something then it is simplified.
tone rises at words initially. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), ǃ(ǂ) exclamation, before a loan word.
dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u aèi velar nasal.

Syntacs Type: SVO. focal ergative noun • verbal transitive noun objective noun adjectival suffix + topic noun / verbal stative noun adjective noun adjectival suffix + topic noun / topic noun • adjective noun adjectival suffix, where a middle dot separates phrases, phrases can switch their places.

an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle.

Text

of it is what. nerca sèdno nac-har séd-nan i.be swed-ish

of this is what. famseldoclea fam sel-doc-leh-har fruits are-this-place-of

nacioneus uekma. neidoc. is.romlang uekma it.is.not uekma is a romlang. no, it's not.

of who does what. hainimdaines doc hai nim daines doc they eat some-of this

aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written with. 0123456789,10,11,12. is oinmfvksba.io/x,ii/e,in/z.

it is dull to build the lexicon.

Lexics c24 x v3 x c24 plus i u h e sk lk ls lm nt etc. mam*mom mim mum mon miu muu mac miz muk mil mul mai*value nac*i nacmi*europant naciò*romlang nal nui*snake nuf nab nul*down nim*eat niska nat uil*arm uih*then bim bab beb bid*house boske*forest bah*brace diu dol*fish dad*dad dek dui*do what dál*draw cac cuf cal cilke aam*aim aas aal aelkä abbreviated to e*accompanying with aolsë or o*compared with den*keep deh*hang zil zul zah*nail zeica*sore tam tau*fang tal*string tin tax tic sel*be by súmmi*water sul süe*you seh*be sud saf xan xul*up xai*why xei*what xui*how,when fam*fruits fun foù*fire kalmê kum kat*hands kalke ham han*he neuter hai*they singular vad*what,who vie*why,how vaska von*when,where rac*cross ril*lough len*wind lan*group lis*smile lal*pilor lul*food iel*slope ser*being.

Part of speech.
There is noun, noun whose root acts as a verb, adjective derived from the both, finally particle derived from the verbal root.
Adjectives indicate what a subject is. Verbs express what a subject does or is.

Structure is as follows.
A main clause constructs particle + agentive/subjective noun + verb + object, a subject/topic may follows.
A clause of a verb + a complement is either indication of what the subject does or is, or acts as a noun.
A clause of a verb + a complement + a noun is a noun.
A clause of a verb + a complement + suffix, acting as an adjective, modifies a noun.

Frontings.
A connective noun/focused word/interjection in the usage, that are before the main clause.
Also an adjective clause/conditional noun is in front of main clause in a clause + clause construction.

± Morpheme inventory *under development
s- /sɨ/,allomorpheme;/s/, n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/, a- /ä/ ∅- /ʔ/ -a /ɦä/ -e /ɦe/ -s /s/ -as /ɦäs/ -es /ɦes/ -n /n/ -en /ɦen/ -ns /ns/ -ens /ɦens/	-l /l/ -t /t/ -d /t/ -ls /ls/ -ts /t͡s/ -ds /des/ -el /el/ -et /et/ -at /ät/ -ad /äde/ -els /els/ -ets /et͡s/ -ats /ät͡s/ -ads /ädes/ -nd /indɐ/ -nt /int/ -nds /indɐs/ -nts /intes/

Phoneme inventory

Consonants	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post­al-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	b		t d					k g		ʔ
Affricate				t͡s		ʈ͡ʂ	t͡ɕ
Fricative		f		s	ʃ	ʂ		ʝ	χ	ɦ
Approximant		ʋ
Trill								ʀ
Lateral approximant				l

Vowels	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i y	iː yː	ɨ		ɯ u	uː
Mid-open	e ø	eː øː	ɐ		ʌ o	oː
Open			ä	äː

Phonotactics *under development

± phonotactics *development
C V C/CC root words are either CVC or CVCC k:allophones; t ʔ ɦ l;ʎ;ɾ sr ɲ ŋ ä:allophones;â á:ae;ai;oa e é:ei;é;ea i î í o ö:eu;oi ó:ou u ü ú:allophones;;ue;ua;uo ɲ ŋ h tz cz t ns −vowel length lk −vowel length ks sk

Declension *under development

noun root							gloss
	the agent of a transitive verb	the subject/locative of an intransitive verb	the direct/indirect object of a verb	possessive form	plural form	plural possessive form
uac/ʋɐk/	sac/sɐk/	nac/nɐk/	uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]	uacs/ʔäks/	sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/	uacens/ʔäːgens/	I
uue/ʋyː/	sue/syː/	nue/nyː/	uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]	uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]	suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/	uuens/ʔyːens/	You
hia/ɦiä/	sia/siä/	nia/niä/	hia/ɦiä/	hias/ɦiäs/	sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/	hians/ɦiäns/	They (singular)

Conjugation *under development

verb root	indicative form	subjunctive form	connective form	noun-like form		gloss
	present/habitual	the motion is futural	-ing, /if	the motion is incomplete	the motion is completed
sel/sel/	ser/sel/	seat/seɦät/	sad/säːt/	selnd/selindɐ/	selnt/selint/	be
bal/bäl/	bar/bäl/	baat/päɦät/	bad/päːt/	balnd/pälindɐ	balnt/pälint/	have
tel/tel/	ter/tel/	teat/teɦät/	tad/täːt/	telnd/telindɐ/	telnt/telint/	hang,raise

Made texts

*under development

± reading basis /visual basis

I: ʋɐk /uac you (singular): ʋyː /uue he: ɦäŋ /han we: /uacen you (plural): ʋyːen /uuen they: ɦiä /hia this : tog,ɦiä /toc,hia that: àe,kosa /hae,cos here: tocma /tcm there: kkaema /aem who: hhia,lhia /lia what: kva /kva where: kvime /kvm when: kvatzuí /kvn how: kvamuí /kvi not: né /nei all: àen /aen many: àens /aens some: de àen /duiaen few: làes /leas other: né daes /neidae one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /ina,isa two: tzue /dva three: mal /mal four: cut /cut five: unal /hal big: lhens /uncertain long: naelhens /uncertain wide: daesbala /uncertain thick: bala /uncertain heavy: né fie /neifias small: uncertain /nal short: kul /uncertain narrow: tis /tsm thin: kadtis /uncertain woman: lhúa /lua man (adult male): lhúa /lua man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo child: uncertain /tisluo mother: mâma /mam father: dâda /tat animal: this /uncertain fish: fisk /fsk bird: tofie /tfl snake: uncertain /lam worm: hhom /orm tree: uncertain /bim forest: uncertain /bsk stick: baunel /uncertain fruit: fam /flm seed: fam /sem leaf: hhüo /lif root: lád /lad bark (of a tree): uncertain /blk flower: uncertain /lili grass: ladlili /uncertain rope: sinn /uncertain skin: bäl /uncertain meat: salk /slk blood: salk /uncertain bone: lám /uncertain fat (noun): bét /fat egg: ais /uncertain horn: kol /krn tail: lámen /lam feather: fie /fli hair: tetr /khr head: uncertain /cab ear: olhen /orh eye: ain /oin nose: nes /nez mouth: uncertain /lif tooth: tzann /fnc tongue (organ): tzann /zau fingernail: tzann /fau foot: uncertain /bam leg: uncertain /bam knee: baim /uncertain hand: tec /tek wing: fiem /fli belly: mac /uncertain guts: mac /uncertain neck: nec /uncertain back: tzüc /ruc breast: bec /fec heart: kel /kor liver: kel /uncertain to drink: sifel /drk to eat: nem /nhm to bite: tzaunel /tnf to suck: sifel /uncertain to spit: nemel /uncertain to vomit: tue dae nems /uncertain to blow: bolel /uncertain to breathe: nesel /uncertain to laugh: hrak /rch to see: vis /ver to hear: sanhel /oir to know: can /cna to think: canel /dik to smell: nesel /uncertain to fear: bai /uncertain to sleep: bei /slf to live: súmel /uncertain to die: né súmel /meisumel to kill: sral /uncertain to fight: sral /uncertain to hunt: sral /uncertain to hit: láb /lfn to cut: kul /uncertain to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dval to stab: binn /uncertain to scratch: skilel /uncertain to dig: binn /nem to swim: uncertain /svi to fly: uncertain /fei to walk: salkel /uncertain to come: hhim /clm to lie (as in a bed): lob /uncertain to sit: sidel /set to stand: hrec /tnd to turn (intransitive): silkel /uncertain to fall: feiel /fei to give: túe /tue to hold: hrantel /uncertain to squeeze: tzecal /uncertain to rub: vask /uncertain to wash: vask /uncertain to wipe: vaskel /vsk to pull: tec /uncertain to push: tec,ffon /uncertain to throw: tue toc náe /uncertain to tie: ticel /bnd to sew: ffinticel /uncertain to count: teltzif /uncertain to say: srua /seu to sing: séunel /seu to play: bil /sfl to float: lom /flt to flow: ae /flt to freeze: íelel /iel to swell: rcol /uncertain sun: hrá /uncertain moon: daehrá /mun star: lucz /trl water: súm /sumi rain: lein /rcn river: léne /len lake: léne /len sea: léneen /len salt: sala /slt stone: shè /stn sand: sahr /snd dust: hroma /uncertain earth: thi /nulmaf cloud: küt /sku fog: küt /foc sky: séo /sulmaf wind: fendas /vnd snow: nívas /snu ice: íelen /ais smoke: féu /feo fire: féu /feo ash: daeféu /uncertain to burn: tocféu tue /feol road: vei /vec mountain: uncertain /mon red: hrot /rod green: léu /crn yellow: col /clb white: hrát /vit black: dal /blc night: dal /nkt day: dis /dac year: iálen /zuames warm: nôk /vrm cold: íels /chl full: buk /ful new: bil /uncertain old: né bil /uncertain good: hhim /bim bad: né hhim /uncertain rotten: tocel nae /uncertain dirty: mud /uncertain straight: bim /uncertain round: kadbal /uncertain sharp (as a knife): dis /uncertain dull (as a knife): dos /uncertain smooth: dilel /uncertain wet: suːmmɯi /summui dry: sekal /sek correct: bim /uncertain near: tocmas /uncertain far: naemas /uncertain right: hris /lkt left: chol /lnk at: ʈ͡ʂɯi /zui in: lhea /ins with: mɯi /mui and: e,elk /elk if: o,sôm /som because: fɯi /fui name: námel /nam