Gzarot (Hebrew, sg. gizra 'figure, form, pattern') in Togarmite are variations of an inflectional (especially verbal) paradigm that are determined by the choice of consonants in the consonantal root. Thus, a paradigm has not only a regular gizra but various irregular ones, which occur most commonly when
- the consonantal root contains a "guttural" (ʔ ȝ ħ h) or a semivowel (y w);
- the consonantal root contains a n, since nC tends to assimilate into CC
- the consonantal root has 2 letters.
2-ȝ
-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation
faȝāl
taȝā́m 'he chose'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past
|
taȝámθī
|
taȝámθa
|
taȝámθe
|
taȝā́m
|
taȝā́maθ
|
taȝámnė
|
taȝámθum
|
taȝámθin
|
taȝā́mū
|
taȝā́mė
|
| present
|
ʔatėȝā́m
|
θatėȝā́m
|
θatėȝā́mī
|
yatėȝā́m
|
yatėȝā́mī
|
natėȝā́m
|
θatėȝā́mū
|
θatėȝámna
|
yatėȝā́mū
|
yatėȝámna
|
| future
|
ʔatȝā́m
|
θatȝā́m
|
θatȝā́mī
|
yatȝā́m
|
yatȝā́mī
|
natȝā́m
|
θatȝā́mū
|
θatȝámna
|
yatȝā́mū
|
yatȝámna
|
| optative
|
ʔatȝamánna
|
θatȝamánna
|
θatȝamī́nna
|
yatȝamánna
|
yatȝamī́nna
|
natȝamánna
|
θatȝamū́nna
|
θatȝamnánna
|
yatȝamū́nna
|
yatȝamnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔátȝam
|
θátȝam
|
θátȝamī
|
yátȝam
|
yátȝamī
|
nátȝam
|
θátȝamū
|
θátȝamna
|
yátȝamū
|
yatȝámna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
taȝā́m!
|
taȝā́mī!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
taȝā́mū!
|
taȝā́mė!
|
-
|
-
|
| active participle
|
tėȝḗm
|
| passive participle
|
matȝū́m
|
| verbal noun
|
tiȝė́m
|
3-y
These verbs have 3sg.m past -ė from *-aya and -ē without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iyu. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna being used for yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna in some dialects.
faȝāl
banė́ 'he built'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past; conditional
|
banáyθī
|
banáyθa
|
banáyθe
|
banė́
|
banė́θ
|
banáynė
|
banáyθum
|
banáyθin
|
banė́w
|
banáyna
|
| present
|
ʔabėnḗ
|
tabėnḗ
|
tabėnī́
|
yabėnḗ
|
yabėnī́
|
nabėnḗ
|
tabėnū́
|
tabėnḗna
|
yabėnū́
|
yabėnḗna
|
| future
|
ʔabnḗ
|
tabnḗ
|
tabnī́
|
yabnḗ
|
yabnī́
|
nabnḗ
|
tabnū́
|
tabnḗna
|
yabnū́
|
yabnḗna
|
| optative
|
ʔabnénna
|
tabnénna
|
tabnī́nna
|
yabnénna
|
yabnī́nna
|
nabnénna
|
tabnū́nna
|
tabnēnánna
|
yabnū́nna
|
yabnēnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔábne
|
tábne
|
tábnī
|
yábne
|
yábnī
|
nábne
|
tábnū
|
tábnēna
|
yábnū
|
yábnēna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
bunḗ!
|
bunī́!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
bunū́!
|
bunḗna!
|
-
|
-
|
| active participle
|
bėnḗ
|
| passive participle
|
mabnū́y
|
| verbal noun
|
binė́θ
|
nufȝāl
nubnė́ 'it was built'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past; conditional
|
nubnáyθī
|
nubnáyθa
|
nubnáyθe
|
nubnė́
|
nubnė́θ
|
nubnáynė
|
nubnáyθum
|
nubnáyθin
|
nubnė́w
|
nubnáyna
|
| present
|
ʔubbėnḗ
|
tubbėnḗ
|
tubbėnī́
|
yubbėnḗ
|
yubbėnī́
|
nubbėnḗ
|
tubbėnū́
|
tubbėnḗna
|
yubbėnū́
|
yubbėnḗna
|
| future
|
ʔubbanḗ
|
tubbanḗ
|
tubbanī́
|
yubbanḗ
|
yubbanī́
|
nubbanḗ
|
tubbanū́
|
tubbanḗna
|
yubbanū́
|
yubbanḗna
|
| optative
|
ʔubbanénna
|
tubbanénna
|
tubbanínna
|
yubbanénna
|
yubbanínna
|
nubbanénna
|
tubbanúnna
|
tubbanēnánna
|
yubbanúnna
|
yubbanēnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔúbbane
|
túbbane
|
túbbanī
|
yúbbane
|
yúbbanī
|
núbbane
|
túbbanū
|
túbbanēna
|
yúbbanū
|
yúbbanēna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
hubbanḗ!
|
hubbanī́!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
hubbanū́!
|
hubbanḗna!
|
-
|
-
|
| participle
|
mubbanḗ
|
| verbal noun
|
nubnė́θ
|
faȝȝēl
dammė́ 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past; conditional
|
dammī́θī
|
dammī́θa
|
dammī́θe
|
dammė́
|
dammė́θ
|
dammī́nė
|
dammī́θum
|
dammī́θin
|
dammū́
|
dammī́naė
|
| present
|
ʔadamėmḗ
|
θadamėmḗ
|
θadamėmī́
|
yadamėmḗ
|
yadamėmī́
|
nadamėmḗ
|
θadamėmū́
|
θadamėmḗna
|
yadamėmū́
|
yadamėmḗna
|
| future
|
ʔadammḗ
|
θadammḗ
|
θadammī́
|
yadammḗ
|
yadammī́
|
nadammḗ
|
θadammū́
|
θadammḗna
|
yadammū́
|
yadammḗna
|
| optative
|
ʔadamménna
|
θadamménna
|
θadammínna
|
yadamménna
|
yadammínna
|
nadamménna
|
θadammúnna
|
θadammēnánna
|
yadammúnna
|
yadammēnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔadámme
|
θadámme
|
θadámmī
|
yadámme
|
yadámmī
|
nadámme
|
θadámmū
|
θadámmēna
|
yadámmū
|
yadámmēna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
dammḗ!
|
dammī́!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
dammū́!
|
dammḗna!
|
-
|
-
|
| participle
|
mudammḗ
|
| verbal noun
|
dammū́y
|
fuȝȝāl
dummė́ 'it was likened, it was modeled (after sth)'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past; conditional
|
dummayθī
|
dummayθa
|
dummayθe
|
dummė́
|
dummė́θ
|
dummáynė
|
dummáyθum
|
dummáyθin
|
dummė́w
|
dummáyna
|
| present
|
ʔadumėmḗ
|
θadumėmḗ
|
θadumėmī́
|
yadumėmḗ
|
yadumėmī́
|
nadumėmḗ
|
θadumėmū́
|
θadumėmḗna
|
yadumėmū́
|
yadumėmḗna
|
| future
|
ʔadummḗ
|
θadummḗ
|
θadummī́
|
yadummḗ
|
yadummī́
|
nadummḗ
|
θadummū́
|
θadummḗna
|
yadummū́
|
yadummḗna
|
| optative
|
ʔadumménna
|
θadumménna
|
θadummínna
|
yadumménna
|
yadummínna
|
nadumménna
|
θadummúnna
|
θadummēnánna
|
yadummúnna
|
yadummēnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔadúmme
|
tadúmme
|
tadúmmī
|
yadúmme
|
yadúmmī
|
nadúmme
|
tadúmmū
|
tadúmmēna
|
yadúmmū
|
yadúmmēna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
| participle
|
mudummḗ
|
| verbal noun
|
-
|
The other binyanim are similar and have different conjugations based on whether the verb is of the form -C2ēC3 or -C2āC3.
3-w
These verbs have 3sg.m past -ȯ from *-awa and -ū without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iwu.
faȝāl
manȯ́ 'he counted'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past; conditional
|
manáwθī
|
manáwθa
|
manáwθe
|
manȯ́
|
manȯ́θ
|
manáwnė
|
manáwθum
|
manáwθin
|
manū́
|
manáwna
|
| future
|
ʔamėnṓ
|
θamėnṓ
|
θamėnī́
|
yamėnṓ
|
yamėnī́
|
namėnṓ
|
θamėnū́
|
θamėnṓna
|
yamėnū́
|
yamėnṓna
|
| future
|
ʔamnṓ
|
θamnṓ
|
θamnī́
|
yamnṓ
|
yamnī́
|
namnṓ
|
θamnū́
|
θamnṓna
|
yamnū́
|
yamnṓna
|
| optative
|
ʔamnúnna
|
θamnúnna
|
θamnínna
|
yamnúnna
|
yamnínna
|
namnúnna
|
θamnúnna
|
θamnōnánna
|
yamnúnna
|
yamnōnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔámnu
|
θámnu
|
θámnī
|
yámnu
|
yámnī
|
námnu
|
θámnū
|
θámnōna
|
yámnū
|
yámnōna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
munṓ!
|
munī!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
munū!
|
munṓna!
|
-
|
-
|
| active participle
|
mėnū
|
| passive participle
|
manū
|
| verbal noun
|
minėθ
|
nufȝāl
numnȯ́ 'he counted'
→ Person
↓ Tense
|
1sg
|
2sg.m
|
2sg.f
|
3sg.m
|
3sg.f
|
1pl
|
2pl.m
|
2pl.f
|
3pl.m
|
3pl.f
|
| past; conditional
|
numnáwθī
|
numnáwθa
|
numnáwθe
|
numnȯ́
|
numnȯ́θ
|
numnáwnė
|
numnáwθum
|
numnáwθin
|
numnū́
|
numnáwna
|
| nonpast
|
ʔamnṓ
|
θamnṓ
|
θamnī́
|
yamnṓ
|
yamnī́
|
namnṓ
|
θamnū́
|
θamnṓna
|
yamnū́
|
yamnṓna
|
| optative
|
ʔamnúnna
|
θamnúnna
|
θamnínna
|
yamnúnna
|
yamnínna
|
namnúnna
|
θamnúnna
|
θamnōnánna
|
yamnúnna
|
yamnōnánna
|
| jussive
|
ʔámnu
|
θámnu
|
θámnī
|
yámnu
|
yámnī
|
námnu
|
θámnū
|
θámnōna
|
yámnū
|
yámnōna
|
| imperative
|
-
|
munṓ!
|
munī!
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
munū!
|
munṓna!
|
-
|
-
|
| active participle
|
mėnū
|
| passive participle
|
manū
|
| verbal noun
|
minėθ
|