User:Chrysophylax/Sketches

Proto-Celtic per Hispaniam

1. Monophthongisation (~Late Latin)

   *oi̯, ,*ou̯, *ei̯ > ū, ū, ī

   ūnos < *oinos, tūtā < *toutā, sūlīs < *sūleis

2. Loss of final *m

   *m > 0 / _#

   ɸatera < *ɸateram

3. Short vowels change in quality

   • a, *e, *i, *o, *u > a, ɛ, e, ɔ, o

4. Long vowels shorten

   • ā, *ē, *ī, *ō, *ū > a, e, i, o, u

5. End result: 7-vowel inventory

   a ɛ e ɔ o i u

6. Monopththongisation (Romance)

   *oi̯ , *au̯, *ai̯ > e, ɔ, ɛ~e

   makʷe < *makʷoi, tɔsɔ < *tausom, kɛkɔ < *kaikom

7. Word-initial anaptyxis for /s/ + consonant

   *s > es / #_C

   estrɛna < *strīnām

8. Voicing of plosives between vowels and before sonorant consonant

   p t k > b d g / V_V && _{l r}

   kɛgɔ < *kaikom, madɛra < *materam

9. Syncope of unstressed syllables near *r and *l

   sulbɔs < *sūlibos, ɸadra < *ɸateram

10. Debuccalisation of *ɸ

    ɸ > h / #_ && V_V

    hadra < *ɸateram, nɛhuts < *neɸūts