Ilithian/Prakrit
< Ilithian
Early Prakrit
Nouns
(-č/-če/-ce/-tě) behaves more like a contrast particle than in literary Ilithian
o-stems
| vrk (m.) = wolf | löüšná (f.) = moon, month | öüšta (n.) = mouth | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrký | löüšná | löüšnech | öüšta | öüštá |
| Genitive | vrkách | vrköü | löüšnách | löüšnöü | öüštách | öüštöü |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | löüšnej | löüšnábh | öüštej | öüštabh |
| Accusative | vrka | vrköüch | löüšnöü | löüšnech | öüšta | öüštá |
| Instrumental | vrkaný | vrkabhi | löüšnajá | löüšnábhi | öüštaný | öüštabhi |
| Locative | vrkami | vrkýš | löüšný, löüšnaší | löüšnáš | öüštami | öüštýš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | löüšna! | löüšnech! | öüšte! | öüštá! |
i-stems
| ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought, idea | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ageň | agní | mať | matěch | mař | maří |
| Genitive | agních | agňöü | matích | maťöü | mařích | mařöü |
| Dative | agněj | agněbh | matěj | matěbh | mařej | mařebh |
| Accusative | agni | agních | mati | matěch | mař | maří |
| Instrumental | agněný | agněbhi | matijá | matěbhi | mařený | mařebhi |
| Locative | agněmi | agníš | maťí, matěší | matíš | mařemi | maříš |
| Vocative | agně! | agní! | maťi! | matěch! | maře! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
| patní (f.) = wife | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| Nominative | patní | patních | |
| Genitive | patních | patnijöü | |
| Dative | patní | patníbh | |
| Accusative | patní | patních | |
| Instrumental | patnijá | patníbhi | |
| Locative | patnijí, patníší | patníš | |
| Vocative | patní! | patních! | |
u-stems
| výju (m.) = wind | žöüštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | výju | výjavý | žöüštú | žöüštavech | medhu | medhú |
| Genitive | výjöüch | výjavöü | žöüštöüch | žöüštavöü | medhöüch | medhavöü |
| Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žöüštaváj | žöüštubh | medhavej | medhubh |
| Accusative | výjú | výjúch | žöüštú | žöüštúch | medhu | medhú |
| Instrumental | výjuný | výjubhi | žöüštujá | žöüštubhi | medhuný | medhubhi |
| Locative | výjumi | výjúš | žöüštavý, žöüštúší | žöüštúš | medhumi | medhúš |
| Vocative | výjöü! | výjavý! | žöüštöü! | žöüstavach! | medhöü! | medhú! |
n-stems
| žmů (m.) = human | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | žmů | žmený |
| Genitive | žmenách | žmenöü |
| Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
| Accusative | žmena | žmenach |
| Instrumental | žmenaný | žmenabhi |
| Locative | žmenami | žmenýš |
| Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
| vlamena (n.) = name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
| Genitive | vlamenách | vlamenöü | |
| Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
| Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
| Instrumental | vlamenaný | vlamenabhi | |
| Locative | vlamenami | vlamenýš | |
| Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! | |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
| patýr (m.) = father | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | patýr | patrý |
| Genitive | patrách | patröü |
| Dative | patrej | patrabh |
| Accusative | patra | patröüch |
| Instrumental | patraný | patrabhi |
| Locative | patrami | patrýš |
| Vocative | patre! | patrý! |
Copula
Present
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | smi, jsmi | sme, jsme |
| 2nd | si, jsi | ste, jste |
| 3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar; ou > ő shift is complete; u, ú > /y y:/ is complete
Nouns
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
| vrk (m.) = wolf | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrk-ol |
| Genitive | vrk-ach | vrk-ol-ach |
| Dative/Allative | vrk-pi | vrk-ol-pi |
| Accusative | vrk-ej | vrk-ol-ej |
| Instrumental | vrk-any | vrk-ol-any |
| Locative | vrk-ami | vrk-ol-ami |
Adjectives
Adjectives don't agree for number and case anymore
Copula
Present
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
| 2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
| 3rd | (zero) | (zero) |