Tigol/Proto-Tigol/Lexicon
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A | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ā | prep | with (comitative) | ||
| ā́bát | m | book | ||
| ā́batȳré | f | library | ||
| ācéne | f | sky, heaven | ||
| achrátte | f | kingdom, monarchy | ||
| áchyr | m | king | ||
| ādíl | f | sister | ||
| adrináin | v | let me beautify, adorn | ||
| adráth | adj | beautiful, attractive, fine | ||
| ádyr | m | beauty | ||
| aéð | m | mercy, grace | ||
| aeðáth | adj | gracious, merciful, clement | ||
| alusī́n | v | let me be bright, shine | ||
| alvé | f | light | ||
| ámmáin | v | let me hold, grasp | ||
| anét | m | father | ||
| ar | conj | if (situational conditional) | ||
| arái | part | woe! alas! | ||
| arbī́n | v | let me rebuke, reproach, criticize | ||
| ā̀rd | adj | PTal *ʔāzda | big, great | |
| ārdáin | v | let me magnify, enlarge, greaten | ||
| armailáin | v | let me listen | ||
| árom | f | life | ||
| áromī́n | v | let me live | ||
| áromináin | v | enliven, give life to | ||
| ásħalnáin | v | let me excavate, exhume | ||
| asqruofáin | v | let me coax, cajole | ||
| ásthācéin | v | aZ- + thā́céin 'stand up' | let me admire | |
| at | conj, part | or (inclusive); something like X | ||
| atián | pron | at 'or, inclusive' + ján 'what' | anything | |
| atié | pron | at 'or, inclusive' + jé 'who' | anyone | |
| atiḗr | adv | any way | ||
| ātmé | f | mother | ||
| ā́thmȳré | f | shrine, sanctuary | ||
| ā́thym | adj | holy | ||
| áubiī́n | v | let me strike, attack | ||
| aułái | v | let me pity; look down upon | ||
B | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| baerináin | v | causative of baerī́n 'wait' | let me provide/arrange/prepare sth for sb; make sb wait | |
| baerī́n | v | let me await, wait for | ||
| baidáin | v | let me hit | ||
| bálōzī́n | v | let me joke | ||
| bánceváin | v | let me be silent | ||
| bānī́n | v | let me attract fame, renown, attention | ||
| bást | adj | all, every | ||
| bēméin | v | PTal *beh- 'be related' | let me be related | |
| bēré | f | PTal *beh- + -rar=ʔ | tribe, people, nation | |
| bḕsing | m | clan | ||
| bēslináin | v | let me force sb to do sth | ||
| bēzáin | v | PTal *bēz-aīn | let me love | |
| bílze | f | sky, heaven | ||
| bīm | adv | still, yet | ||
| bírs | m | cloud | ||
| bohī́n | v | let me measure | ||
| bucōráin | v | (< earlier *búkōr 'two ways') | let me doubt | |
| bucōrȳ́the | f | doubt, uncertainty | ||
| būqȳré | v | temple | ||
C | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| cadráin | v | causative: 'use as bait' | let me tempt | |
| cadrȳ́the | f | temptation | ||
| caéð | m | salt | ||
| cáis | part | please, preferably | ||
| cámráth | adj | feminine (of the woman gender), womanly | ||
| cámre | f | woman, wife | ||
| capsáin | v | let me eat | ||
| cápsin | m | food | ||
| cátyr | m | flower | ||
| céar | adj | cognate with cḗm 'one' | same | |
| cḗm | num | behaves as an adjective | one | |
| cḗmitutáin | v | let me unite, unify | ||
| cennáin | v | be merciful, be compassionate | ||
| cenné | f | mercy, compassion | ||
| cenneðā́r | adj | merciful, compassionate | ||
| cílcieláin | v | let me tile, tessellate | ||
| cílcielé | f | rdpl. | tile | |
| cīnéin | v | let me jump | ||
| cīpalnáth | adj | cī- 'less' + 'palnáth' 'third' | mutually exhaustive; black-and-white | |
| clȳ̀d | f | contract, treaty, agreement | ||
| cochī́n | v | let me be glad/rejoice | ||
| cólyn | m | wind | ||
| corðéi | v | let me laugh | ||
| córðin | m | laughter | ||
| coru | conj | then | ||
| craugé | f | box, space | ||
| cruamátte | f | east | ||
| crúomā | adv | in the morning | ||
| curħé | f | page | ||
| cū̀s | part | indeed, verily | ||
CH | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| chàele | f | shadow | ||
| chā́m | pron | we, us (1st person plural exclusive pronoun) | ||
| chámichā́m | adj | rdpl. from chā́m 'we (exc)' | clannish, exclusive | |
| chéa. chéqē | m | honey | ||
| chenī́n | v | let me say | ||
| chilūsé | v | argot, idiom, dialect | ||
| chin | prep, conj | like | ||
| chtāmé | num | six | ||
D | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| dār | part | predicate negative clitic | ||
| dáte | adv | here (near 1+2) | ||
| davséin | v | let me aspire, be ambitious | ||
| davsȳ́the | f | ambition | ||
| déam | m | bowl | ||
| défrātáin | v | let me rage/gale/gust intensely | ||
| dèia | f | female (of animals) | ||
| deiáth | adj | feminine (of female sex, grammar) | ||
| di, d' | prep | in, at (locative) | ||
| dōgī́n | v | let me fall | ||
| drālé | f | wave | ||
| duoħī́n | v | let me fade, be erased | ||
| duón | adj | free | ||
Ð | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ðeirunéin | v | let me deny, disavow | ||
| ðinór | m | animal, beast | ||
| ðisēn | conj | for the fact that... | ||
E | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| èale | m | peace | ||
| ei | part | question particle | ||
| eir | conj | PTal *ei (question particle) + *ir- 'not' | because, for (explanatory particle) | |
| ēltī́n | v | let me produce, manufacture, create | ||
| etholái | v | let me punish | ||
| éthyr | m | sound | ||
F | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| fáerī́n | v | let me jam, interlock (intransitive) | ||
| fáħéin | v | let me help | ||
| farvé | num | nine | ||
| fèid | m | knot | ||
| flēáth | adj | sturdy, firm, resolute, determined | ||
| flúotéin | v | let me have so do sth (with a specific purpose in mind) | ||
| fṑn | m | sea, ocean | ||
| fríng, frínq- | m | despair, pessimism | ||
| frínqéin | v | let me despair, be pessimistic | ||
| frínqenóth | adj | futile, vain, hopeless, infeasible | ||
| fúdáin | v | let me answer | ||
| fúot | adj | at any time; never | ||
G | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| gā́l | m | song | ||
| gā́léin | v | let me sing | ||
| gáss | m | hail | ||
| gāŧī́n | v | let me sew | ||
| gávthe | f | throat, language | ||
| geŧél | adj | inferior, lowly, base | ||
| gil | prep | from | ||
| gordī́n | v | let me find | ||
| gū̀r | adv | too, excessively | ||
| gūréin | v | let me be in excess, be left over | ||
| gurgū́r | adj | rdpl. from gūréi 'be in excess' | superfluous, redundant | |
H | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| hā́ | part | O; how... | ||
| hám | part | irrealis negative/prohibitive | ||
| hárī́n | v | let me go | ||
| hárináin | v | let me take (to a destination) | ||
| hél | f | spirit, voice | ||
| hēseī́n | v | let me feel, emote | ||
| hífíne | f | daughter | ||
| híltináin | v | causative of híltī́n 'prove, draw, infer' | let me imply | |
| híltī́n | v | let me draw, pull; prove, infer | ||
| húol | m | cover, wrapping, packaging | ||
| húoláin | v | let me cover | ||
Ħ | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ħách | adv | there (near 2, place just mentioned) | ||
| ħā́ð | pron | we both (1st person inclusive dual pronoun) | ||
| ħáid | m | wall | ||
| ħàot | m | ice | ||
| ħā́l | adj | sad, lamentable | ||
| ħálg | m | value, worth | ||
| ħálgáin | v | to value, to consider sth as | ||
| ħálnáin | v | let me dig | ||
| ħéist | m | word | ||
| ħéistálind | m | dictionary | ||
| ħéisting | m | ħéist 'word' + -ing (collective noun suffix) | vocabulary | |
| ħéłłaviné | f | effort, exertion | ||
| ħént | adj | noble, lofty, sublime | ||
| ħiemī́n | v | let me precipitate, rain down (intrans.) | ||
| ħínn | m | evening, dusk | ||
| ħínnā | m | in the evening | ||
| ħinnátte | f | west | ||
| ħisī́n | v | let me cross, surpass | ||
| ħisaromiáin | v | ħis- 'cross' + árom 'live' | let me survive | |
| ħuoná | conj | as long as | ||
| ħȳré | num | ten | ||
I | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ícht | m | jar, jug, urn | ||
| ie | conj | and | ||
| ílb | pron | another, other | ||
| ílcháin | v | let me write | ||
| ílém | m | star | ||
| innyntháin | v | let me suggest, nominate | ||
| insé | f | city, town | ||
| inthī́n | v | let me lie (be in a supine position) | ||
| ī́r | m | PTal *ʔihira | island | |
| irēdáin | v | let me collide | ||
| īs | conj | contrafactual conditional | ||
| isséin | v | let me fear | ||
| itutáin | v | let me consolidate, put together, condense | ||
| īvī́n | v | let me emerge, go out | ||
| ī́vitáin | v | let me take out, bring out, emit | ||
| īzé | f | rain | ||
J | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| jāðī́n | v | let me fly | ||
| jā́máin | v | let me grow (trans) | ||
| jást | adv | why (used with irrealis verbs, or verbs of wanting or necessity) | ||
| jaudáin | v | let me try, attempt | ||
| jḗn | adv | from abl. of PTal *jé 'who, what' | why (used with realis verbs) | |
| jénā́, jénáqē | m | water | ||
| jḗrmé | adv | jḗr 'how' + mé 'this' | why (used with realis verbs) | |
| jōráin | v | let me heed, obey, follow | ||
| jullé | f | favor, goodwill | ||
| jūthái | v | let me slaughter | ||
L | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| la | part | used with nouns and adjectives | also, even, to boot/no less/at that | |
| lā́m | adj | good | ||
| laubūláin | v | let me collaborate with | ||
| láugy | adj | deserving, worthy, entitled | ||
| láuzanléin | v | volunteer | ||
| lēvéin | v | let me run | ||
| línt | m | pair | ||
| lintáth | adj | dual (grammatical number), pairwise | ||
| lozedé | num | eight | ||
| lúcce | f | pericarp, husk, peel | ||
| lūhéin | v | let me become | ||
Ł | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| łungé | f | scaffold | ||
M | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| mách | adv | here (near 1) | ||
| mā́r | m | tree | ||
| máugáin | v | let me use | ||
| meħé | f | container | ||
| meisé | f | section | ||
| mīdī́n | v | let me give | ||
| mínā | adv | at night | ||
| mī̀se | f | gift | ||
| mléit | m | end, conclusion, "bottom line" | ||
| mnádī́n | v | let me sleep | ||
| mólī́n | v | PZ *mól- 'follow, pursue track' | let me thank | |
| morī́n | v | let me exist/be | ||
| móth, móthē | m | face, surface, aspect | ||
| mrínáin | v | let me forgive | ||
| muléth | m | scar | ||
N | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ná | pron | PTal *ʔina | I, me, my (1sg pronoun) | |
| náche | f | sorrow, grief, anguish | ||
| náchtáin | v | let me hunt | ||
| náf, nafḗ | adj | sweet | ||
| nafináin | v | let me sweeten; euphemize, sugar-coat; familiarize, acclimate | ||
| nai | prep | with, by (instrumental) | ||
| náre | num | three | ||
| nárter | adv | thrice | ||
| ne | conj | *ʔíne 'said person/thing (anaphoric pronoun)' | that (introduces a finite complement clause) | |
| négym | m | priest | ||
| neldé | f | stone | ||
| nesáin | v | let me kill, slay | ||
| niéðā | adv | for a day | ||
| nī́l | adj | easy, loose, gullible, naive | ||
| nit | conj | if (general conditional) | ||
| nóll | m | lord, master | ||
| nōr, nṑr- | conj | although, albeit | ||
| nu | conj | xor, nand | ||
| nummé | f | wrath, curse | ||
| nummináin | v | to curse, to pour wrath on | ||
| nýlan | m | child (young person) | ||
| nȳ̀r | m | god | ||
O | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| óng, ónqḗ | m | hide | ||
| ṓr | m | disk, circle | ||
P | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| parrī́n | v | let me disconnect, sever | ||
| piéł | m | revenge, vengeance | ||
| piełái | v | let me avenge (vo + sb avenged) (di + target of revenge) | ||
| pī́th | adj | bad | ||
| pláħī́n | v | let me grant, permit, waft down | ||
| poadī́n | v | let me laugh, mock | ||
| pyrī́n | v | let me build | ||
Q | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| qaldé | f | honor | ||
| qaldáin | v | let me honor, respect; euphemism for sexual intercourse | ||
| qàor | m | oath | ||
| qáspi | m | saw | ||
| qástráin | v | let me smile | ||
| qástyr | m | smile | ||
| qélyn | adj | far | ||
| qervī́n | v | let me pack, condense | ||
| qṑd | m | copper, bronze, brass | ||
| qōmḗn | conj | because, for | ||
| qónáin | v | let me fuck, have sexual intercourse with | ||
| qúlz | m | male (often of animals) | ||
| qulzáth | adj | masculine (of the male sex, grammar) | ||
| qúrar | m | sand | ||
| qvothī́n | v | let me shout | ||
R | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| rā́c | f | time | ||
| rāħé | num | PTal *rāqʰ- | half | |
| ramléin | v | let me agree | ||
| ranðeirunéin | f | let me make excuses, explain away, rationalize | ||
| rā́th | pron | you both (2nd person dual pronoun) | ||
| raúzin | m | favor, offer | ||
| rā̀zā | adv | in the daytime | ||
| réħáin | v | PTal *réʁa-īn | let me do, make | |
| rīál | m | fire | ||
| riedī́n | v | PTal *riʔdīn | let me come | |
| rin | conj | PTal *wēri 'such that' (adverbial of *wa relative pronoun) + *ʔíne 'said X' (anaphoric) | that, which (introduces a specific relative clause) | |
| rō | part | pejorative particle, 'that contemptible...' | ||
| rṓg | quant | all | ||
| róngī́n | v | let me take | ||
| rúd | m | man, husband | ||
| rudáth | adj | masculine (of the man gender), manly | ||
| rūdé | num | seven | ||
| rumbéin | v | let me turn, change direction | ||
| rȳthī́n | v | let me categorize, classify, group | ||
| rȳthré | f | class/category, gender/sex | ||
S | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| sáfyl | m | friend, fellow, comrade | ||
| sáibiī́n | f | let me open | ||
| scṓtī́n | v | let me walk | ||
| seim | conj | but, however | ||
| sfieráin | v | let me replace, substitute, change | ||
| si | part | attached to a conjunction when there is one | subject-changing enclitic | |
| sī́g | adj | virtuous, morally good | ||
| síl | adj | new | ||
| simátte | f | north | ||
| slā́s | pron | you, ye (2nd person plural pronoun) | ||
| sṓr | m | house | ||
| sṓrachráth | m | royalty, royal household | ||
| sovén | m | robe | ||
| spád | m | truth, fact | ||
| spádīl | adv | frozen instrumental/locative of spád | really, truly | |
| stáfyr | m | emblem, seal, sign | ||
| stái | part | please do..., prithee | ||
| státhḗd | adj | equal, par, equivalent | ||
| stíevéin | v | let me think | ||
| stī́m | conj | in order that... | ||
| stoarī́n | v | let me worship, praise | ||
| stúmī́n | v | let me go/come back | ||
| súst | adv | dainty, fine, delicate | ||
| sȳ́ð | adv | very | ||
| syrfám | m | brother | ||
T | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| tacét | m | young boy | ||
| tacvéin | v | < PTal *tak- 'say' *-w-eīn potential suffix, thus, 'to be able to say' | let me know | |
| tàid | m | arrow | ||
| támi | m | leaf | ||
| táqḗn | pron | we (1+2 plural pronoun) | ||
| táqrī́n | v | let me be born | ||
| taumináin | v | let me be of use, benefit | ||
| tauminé | f | utility, benefit | ||
| teréin | v | let me prosper, flourish, be successful | ||
| tíchter | adv | twice | ||
| tíem | part | infinitive negative | ||
| tilinȳ́the | f | conscience | ||
| tīné | f | hand | ||
| tír | part | realis negative | ||
| títhār | num | PTal *tíłōr | functions as an adjective | two |
| tolbéin | v | to behave | ||
| tósáin | v | let me see | ||
| trā́n | pron | we both (1st person exclusive dual pronoun) | ||
| tússáin | v | let me pray, invoke | ||
| tússé | f | prayer, invocation | ||
TH | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| thā | part | only with verbs. | indeed, also, at that/to boot/no less, while one's at it, (antonym of vid 'only') | |
| thā́cī́n | v | let me stand | ||
| thándáin | v | let me inscribe, etch | ||
| thándīvtáin | v | let me insert, enter, write in | ||
| themsárim | adj | Themsaran | ||
| thilqé | f | sword | ||
| tholór | m | miracle | ||
| thū̀a | f | cow | ||
| thúm | m | air | ||
Ŧ | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ŧách | adv | there (distal) | ||
| ŧányŧavī́n | v | let me cry over spilt milk | ||
| ŧávī́n | v | let me cry, weep | ||
| ŧéqáin | v | onomatopoeia imitating tongue click | Vernacular, not really 'proper' Themsaran | let me refuse, say no, deny |
| ŧībáin | v | (> 'to try doing sth' in niece languages) | let me ask (a question) | |
| ŧībé | f | question | ||
| ŧōgáin | v | let me add | ||
| ŧṓla, ŧṓlħḗ | m | scarecrow/dummy; proxy, vicarious person or thing | ||
| ŧṓlħáin | v | let me use as proxy; take (nai +) sth out on (DO) sb; erect a straw man | ||
| ŧṓlħáth | adj | vicarious | ||
| ŧṑs | adj | quick, fast, agile | ||
| ŧū́bī́n | v | let me buy | ||
| ŧúodéin | v | let me worry | ||
U | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ū̀de | conj | so | ||
| uogíħe | f | error | ||
| uogī́n | v | let me err, miss | ||
| ū̀̀r | adj | much, many | ||
| utáin | f | let me save | ||
V | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| vá | pron | PTal *wa (relative pronoun) | Copular 3rd person pronouns become clitics. | he, him, his (3rd person pronoun) |
| vā́g | adj | evil, bad | ||
| vai | part | already!/now!/hurry! (urging particle) | ||
| váið | m | mountain | ||
| vālé | f | PTal *wālar=ʔ | gate | |
| vánn | pron | they, them, their (3rd person plural feminine) | ||
| várōtī́n | v | let me flow | ||
| vatiī́n | v | let me prepare, arrange, edit | ||
| vatím | adj | ready | ||
| vatī́ne | f | grammar | ||
| véi | pron | thou, thee, thy (2nd person singular feminine pronoun) | ||
| véli | m | PTal *wélja | name, noun | |
| vélináin | adj | let me name; nominalize | ||
| vezorī́n | v | let me encounter | ||
| vī́ | pron | she, her (3rd person singular feminine) | ||
| vid | adv | only | ||
| vinðustái | v | let me word/formulate; encode, use allegory/metaphor; interpret, explain meaning | ||
| vinðusté | f | allegory/metaphor; cipher; gloss, interpretation | ||
| vingī́n | v | PTal *wingīn | let me die | |
| víngin | m | death | ||
| vingynóth | adj | mortal | ||
| vingináin | v | causative of vingī́n 'die' | emphasizes the end result of death | let me cause to die, put to death |
| vo | prep | for, to (dative) | ||
| vṓr | pron | they both, them both (3rd person dual masculine) | ||
| vorḗl | prep | vo 'for' + rḗl 'sake' | for the sake of | |
| vṓth | m | son | ||
| vú | pron | they (3rd person plural masculine) | ||
| vȳ́r | pron | they both, them both (3rd person dual feminine) | ||
Y | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| ýlmáin | v | let me borrow | ||
| ýlmascáin | v | let me lend | ||
| ȳméin | v | let me play | ||
| ȳ̀the | f | color, way/manner | ||
Z | ||||
| Themsaran | PoS | Etymology | Notes | Meaning (English) |
| zalinái | v | let me console, comfort | ||
| zaliné | f | consolation, solace, comfort | ||
| zéi | pron | thou, thee, thy (2nd person singular masculine pronoun) | ||
| ziebā́ | adv | below, down | ||
| zī́nuthéa | f | daring, audacity, arrogance | ||
| zūgī́n | v | let me bite | ||
| zuolátte | f | south | ||
| zymzū́m | m | hesitation, indecision | ||
| zymzūméin | v | let me hesitate, dither, be indecisive | ||