Verse:Irta/English
| English | |
|---|---|
| Created by | – |
| Setting | Verse:Irta, Verse:CF Tricin |
| Native to | Spain, United States, India, Australia, New Zealand ... |
Indo-European
| |
English in the Irta timeline is Indo-European and pretty much has exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different history and orthography created by Praimhín. In particular, it is an Azalic language, not a Germanic one. Also missing are some loans from German and Modern Scandinavian such as schadenfreude and smörgåsbord. Words (even words directly inherited from PIE) may not have the same etymologies as in our English.
Some idioms we think of as quintessentially Englishy such as make up one's mind, make out ('to tell') could be a result of Irish influence in Irta
Diachronics
- dialectal PIE (according to one in-universe theory): meyno- proḱnom ḱom meyno- h₂yuHṇḱ- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk- swer-ro- priHṇt-su: kʷo-Hn-i eǵh₂ swere h₁en protṃmo-ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei, to-Hn-i toi h₂enti-swere h₁en new-iHno- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei.
- Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/
- Old Azalic (Irta's "Old English") (500 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əngilisċ
- "Middle English" (1000 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš
- 1500 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English
Early New English
consonant inventory of 15th century Azalic English: p t̪ tʃ k b d̪ dʒ g m n̪ ɸ β ʋ w θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j and allophonic ʔ (stops may or may not be aspirated, it's free variation)
TRAP: /a/ BATH: /a:/ PALM: /ɑ/ FACE: /e:/ DRESS: /ɛ/ FLEECE: /i:/ KIT: /i/ PRICE: /ae/ LOT: /ɔ/ THOUGHT: /ɔ:/ GOAT: /o:/ GOOSE: /u:/ FOOT: /u/ STRUT: /ø/
no Canadian raising, rhotic vowels are basically the vowels plus /ɹ/ [ɹ̝ˠ]
most of the changes that happen between the 10th and 17th centuries are to the consonants: /pʰ tʰ/ turn into breathy spirants /ɸʰ θʰ/, which was thought of as substandard speech until around the 13th century; the breathiness disappears around the 15th century when ph th officially become /ɸ θ/
15th century English also had a split between w from PAzal *v, pronounced /ʋ/, and w from PAzal *qh and *ᵹh, pronounced /w/
chain shift in 18th century accents: /ø/ -> /ə/, but /o:/ becomes a new front rounded vowel /ɔɵ/ and then /ɔʉ/ (a bit like in Australian English); then in the 20th century it would shift to /əʏ/
Orthography
Accents
different from our English accents; RP shouldn't exist
Quelfton English
Aoife's native accent
Vocabulary
Stereotypical Boston words like "wicked" and "pissa"
Phonology
Philly + Boston; It is meant to be RP in ways that the Irta California accent is not. Intonation is similar to American.
- MOUTH is monophthongized to [ɶ̝ː], sometimes with a MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
- -ing becomes -in' in casual speech
- (Ph) Philly L (/l/ becomes a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
- (~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
- When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: face [fɪjsˑ]
- Otherwise this does not happen: fame [fɛˑɪm]
- (B, RP) non-rhotic
- (Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
- (Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
- (Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
- (~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
- (B, ~RP) START = [ä]
- SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
- NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
- NURSE = [əː]
- wine-whine distinction is optional
- A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Pacific English
- hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
- orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
- mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
- /iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
- /θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
- "aunt" and "can't" use /a:/.
- wine-whine merger absent
- CLOTH = LOT, not THOUGHT
Sample
oəʟ hjüwmən bɪjɪnz ə boən fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəʟ ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹʌɪʔˑs. d̪eɪ əɹ ɪndœːd wɪd ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd ækt toədz wɤn ənɤd̪əɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɤd̪əhəd.
pliʝˑs koəʟ stɛʟə. eəsk ə ɾə bɹɪŋ d̪is t̪ɪŋz wɪd̪ ə fɹəm d̪ə stoə. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf t̪ɪkˑ sʟæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɑˑb. wɪj oəʟsə nɪjɾ ə smoəʟ pʟæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹoəg fə d̪ə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwpˑ d̪is t̪ɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə t̪ɾɪj ɹɛd bægz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ t̪ə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.
Corsican English
Rhotic, somewhat like our Hiberno-English