Laefêvëši/Numerals
Laefêvëši has several types of numerals.
Cardinal numerals
Numbers | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num. | Full | Clitic | Num. | Full | Clitic | Num. | Full | Clitic | Num. | Full | Clitic | |||
0 | mítta | - | 10 | šála | -assi | |||||||||
1 | sá | -esi | 11 | sýša | -asi | 100 | ǿse | -essi | ||||||
2 | vrâ | -edi | 12 | séva | -adi | 20 | vrála | -addi | 200 | vráse | -eddi | |||
3 | lía | -eli | 13 | sélia | -ali | 30 | líala | -alli | 300 | ljáse | -elli | |||
4 | mâ | -emi | 14 | séma | -ami | 40 | mâla | -ammi | 400 | máse | -emmi | |||
5 | lúe | -eti | 15 | sélue | -ati | 50 | lúela | -atti | 500 | lêse | -etti | |||
6 | lái | -eki | 16 | seína | -aki | 60 | láinala | -akki | 600 | laínse | -ekki | |||
7 | léi | -eni | 17 | séina | -ani | 70 | léiala | -anni | 700 | léise | -enni | |||
8 | lêja | -egi | 18 | sélna | -agi | 80 | lêjala | -aggi | 800 | jálejse | -eggi | |||
9 | fará | -efi | 19 | séra | -afi | 90 | farála | -affi | 900 | faráse | -effi |
For numbers like 21, 23 and so forth, the unit comes first, followed by the ten; they're linked together by -i-, or -u- when the unit ends on -i.
Examples:
- 21: sáivrála
- 33: líailíala
- 66: láiuláinala
- 67: léiuláinala
- 105: ǿse lúe
- 318: ljáse sélna
- 540: lêse mâla
- 677: laínse léiuléiala
- 842: jálejse vrâimâla
- 999: faráse faráifarála
Higher numbers (thousands, hundreds, millions, etc.) follow a simmilar pattern than tens and hundreds: simply add the appropriate suffix to the number.
The suffixes are:
- thousand: -(i)nne
- million: -(i)tte
- billion (milliard): -(i)kke
- trillion (billion): -(i)ffe
Examples:
- 1000: asínne
- 2000: vrâinne
- 7000: léinne
- 10,000: šálainne
- 13,000: séliainne
- 50,000: lúelainne
- 87,000: léiulêjalainne
- 100,000: ǿseinne
- 1,000,000: asítte
- 1,000,000,000: asíkke
- 1,000,000,000,000: asíffe
Units and tens are always written together; hundreds and units and tens are written separate unless when a suffix is added, then they're written together (but no other changes occur).
Examples:
- 189,027: ǿsefaráilêjalainne léiuvrála
- 8,354,924: lêjaitte ljásemâilúelainne faráse mâivrála
- 530,402,084,912: lêselíalaikke másevrâitte mâilêjalainne faráse séva
Clitic forms
The clitic forms are suffixed to nouns; there can be more than one suffix per noun.
Example:
- (364,000) three hundred sixty-four thousand years: eróelliemiakkinne (eróelliemiakkinne)
Ordinal numerals
Ordinal numerals decline like adjectives.
Ordinal numerals | |
---|---|
Number | Singular |
0 | mílli |
1 | asíli |
2 | adíli |
3 | lítli |
4 | mátli |
5 | lúeli |
6 | laíli |
7 | létli |
8 | leíli |
9 | faríli |
10 | šálli |
11 | sýšili |
12 | sévili |
13 | sélili |
14 | sémili |
15 | séluili |
16 | seínili |
17 | séinili |
18 | sélnili |
19 | sérili |
20 | vrálli |
21 | sáivrálli |
22 | vrâivrálli |
23 | líaivrálli |
24 | mâivrálli |
25 | lúeivrálli |
26 | láiuvrálli |
27 | léiuvrálli |
28 | lêjaivrálli |
29 | faráivrálli |
30 | líalli |
40 | mâlli |
50 | lúelli |
60 | láinalli |
70 | léialli |
80 | lêjalli |
90 | farálli |
100 | ǿsili |
200 | vrásili |
300 | ljásili |
400 | másili |
500 | lêsili |
600 | laísili |
700 | léisili |
800 | jálejsili |
900 | farásili |
1000 | asínnili |
Collective numerals
Formation - to the cardinal numeral add: -to (which becomes -CCo when adding to clitic forms where the -CC- is a geminate consonant of the clitic).
The following noun is in genitive plural.
Examples:
- 5: lúe → lúeto
- 5 years → lúeto erófe
- 5 years → eróetto
Differential numerals
Formation - to the cardinal numeral add: -nui (which becomes -CCui when adding to clitic forms where the -CC- is a geminate consonant of the clitic).
The following noun is in nominative plural.
Example:
- 5: lúe → lúenui
- 5 years → lúenui eróf
- 5 years → eróettui
Multiplicative numerals
Formation from cardinal numerals, remove the final vowel and add: -jau
Example:
- 20: vrála → vráljau
Some numbers do not follow the above rules:
Multiplicative numerals | |
---|---|
Number | Form |
0 | mítjau |
1 | ýjau |
2 | ádjau |
3 | líjau |
4 | mâjau |
5 | lújau |
6 | lâjau |
7 | léjau |
8 | lêjau |
9 | fárjau |
Fractions
To the cardinal numeral add the suffix: -sia
Example:
- 1/4 (one fourth): sá mâsia
Decimal
Decimal numerals are written with a comma (,), also called decimal comma, which differentiate full numbers from the decimal numbers.
In speech, the decimal comma is read as máru and the decimal numbers are read digit by digit.
Example:
- 3.547: 3,547 → lía máru lúe mâ léi
Numerals in -pē (nominalised numerals)
Formation from cardinal numerals, remove the final vowel and add the suffix: -pē
Example:
- 18: sélna → sélnpē
Nominalised numerals | |
---|---|
Numbers | |
0 | míppē |
1 | ýppē |
2 | áppē |
3 | líppē |
4 | mâppē |
5 | lúppē |
6 | lâppē |
7 | álpē |
8 | lêppē |
9 | fáppē |
Adverbial numerals
Adverbs of frequency
Formation from cardinal numerals, remove the final vowel, if it is preceded by a consonant, geminate it (if possible), and add the suffix: -en
Examples:
- eleven times: sýśa → sýšen
- ten times: śála → šállen
Frequental numerals | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numbers | ||||||
zero times | mítven | |||||
once | ýssen | |||||
twice | ádden | |||||
three times | lírren | |||||
four times | mârven | |||||
five times | êllen | |||||
six times | láiven | |||||
seven times | âllen | |||||
eight times | lêjen | |||||
nine times | fárven |
Adverbs of time
Formation from cardinal numerals, remove the final vowel and add the suffix: -þi If after removing the final vowel the word ends in -s, it turns to -þ, onto which the normal suffix -þi is added, thus forming a geminate consonant þþ.
Examples:
- fourteenth time: séma → sémþi
- hundredth time: ǿse → ǿþþi
Temporal numerals | |
---|---|
Numbers | |
zeroth time | míþþi |
first time | ýþþi |
second time | áþþi |
third time | líþi |
fourth time | mâþi |
fifth time | lúþi |
sixth time | lâþþi |
seventh time | léþþi |
eighth time | lêþþi |
ninth time | fáþþi |
tenth time | šálþi |
eleventh time | sýþþi |
Other
Other suffixes:
- plus: kên, -ēn
- minus: rôn, -ōn
- times: vrém, -ēr
- divided: atóm, -ōm
- to the power: nêttøla, -ttøla
- X and a half: number+partitive dual