Varangian

Varangian (Native: Verinskă /ˈverinskə/) is a North Germanic language that is part of the Balkan sprachbund.

Varangian
Verinskă tungă Веринскъ тунгъ
Pronunciation	[ˈverinskə ˈtuŋɡə]
Created by	Shariifka
Language family	Indo-European Germanic North Germanic Varangian
Early forms	Old Norse Old Varangian

Phonology

Orthography

Varangian orthography

Letter		IPA	Remarks
Latin	Cyrillic
A a	А а	a
Ă ă	Ъ ъ	ə
 â	Ы ы	ɨ	Generally used when /ɨ/ is derived from earlier /a/.
B b	Б б	b, p¹
C c	Ц ц	ts, dz²
Č č	Ч ч	tʃ, dʒ²
D d	Д д	d, t¹
Ð ð	Ԁ ԁ	ð, θ¹
Dz dz	Ѕ ѕ	dz, ts¹
Dž dž	Џ џ	dʒ, tʃ¹
E e	Е е	e
F f	Ф ф	f, v³
G g	Г г	ɣ, ɡ, k¹, x¹	Pronounced /ɡ/ (devoiced: /k/) initially and after /ŋ/; /ɣ/ (devoiced: /x/) otherwise.
Gg gg	Ґ ґ	ɡ, k¹	Not used initially or after /ŋ/.
H h	Х х	x, ɣ²
I i	И и	i
Î î	Ы ы	ɨ	Generally used when /ɨ/ is derived from earlier /e/ or /i/.
J j	Й й (Ј ј)	j	Й and ј are considered variants of the same letter.
	Ь ь		After consonants except /l, n, r/.
K k	К к	k, ɡ²
L l	Л л	l
Ľ ľ	Ль ль (Љ љ)	ʎ	Љ is a ligature of ль.
M m	М м	m
N n	Н н	n, ŋ	Pronounced /ŋ/ before velars; /n/ otherwise.
Ň ň	Нь нь (Њ њ)	ɲ	Њ is a ligature of нь.
O o	О о	o
P p	П п	p, b²
R r	Р р	r
Ř ř	Рь рь	rʲ ~ r̝ ~ ɻ⁴	Рь may be written as a ligature which looks roughly like R with a loop on the right leg.
S s	С с	s, z³
Š š	Ш ш	ʃ, ʒ³
Št št	Шт шт (Щ щ)	ʃt, ʒd²	Щ is considered a ligature of the cluster шт.
T t	Т т	t, d²
Þ þ	Ѳ ѳ	θ, ð³
U u	У у	u
V v	В в	v, f¹
Z z	З з	z, s¹
Ž ž	Ж ж	ʒ, ʃ¹

Notes:

¹ Voiced obstruents are devoiced before voiceless consonants.

² Voiceless stops and affricates are voiced before voiced consonants except /v/.

³ Voiceless fricatives are voiced when they occur between voiced sounds (including vowels). To remain unvoiced in such environments, they can be written doubled.

⁴ Free variation (depending on speaker and dialect).

Morphophonology

The following phonological transformations occur in certain environments:

First palatalization

• t > c
• d > dz
• þ > s
• ð > z
• s > š
• z > ž
• k > č
• g (as /ɡ/) > dž
• g (as /ɣ/) > ž
• h > š

Second palatalization

Includes all mutations under the first palatalization as well as:

• n > ň
• l > ľ
• r > ř

U-umlaut

• a > o
• ă, â > u

I-umlaut

• a > e
• ă, â, î > i
• After consonants: jo, ju > i
• After palatalized consonants: o > i
• Otherwise: o > e
• u > i

Disappearing -g-

• Some verbs have a stem-final -g- that appears in certain morphological environments and disappears in others.

Disappearing -j-, -v-, and palatalization

• Some consonant-final verbs, nouns, and adjectives have a final -j- or -v- or a palatalization of the final consonant which appear before vowels but are lost in other environments.

Dental past suffix

The dental past suffix varies between -t-, -d-, and -ð- depending on the context.

• -t- > after orthographic voiceless consonants and disappearing -g-
• -d- > after nasals and l
• -ð- > otherwise

Morphology

Varangian pronouns

Number	Case	1st		2nd		3rd person
						Masc.		Fem.		Neut.		Refl.
Singular	Nom.											—
	Acc.
	Gen.
	Dat.
	Poss. adj.					—		—		—
Plural	Nom.											Same as singular.
	Acc.
	Gen.
	Dat
	Poss. adj.					—		—		—