Šinax Netagin
Șinach Netagin (bric Nătahi Śinax ve /bʀitʂ nəˈt̪a(ɦ)i ˈsinax ve/; Wdm. fi brits Inthăgin Șinach; Crackfic Trician Irish an tSionnachais or just an Nadáthais) is the most widely spoken descendant of Classical Netagin in Tricin; it's spoken in Bjeheond and Cualuav (especially in Andaegor). It exists in a sprachbund with Nurian, Modern Windermere, Gwnax and other Bjeheondian languages.
I borrowed Șinach from Irish sionnach 'fox' because Bjeheond has a fox motif. In canon Tricin, it comes from Gwnax Si Ywnax 'Gwnax town'. In Crackfic Tricin, the name actually does come from Irish via immigration to Bjeheond.
Grammatical changes from Classical Netagin include:
- SAuxVO word order
- Loss of grammatical gender and construct state
- Relative clauses use the gap strategy
- As a result of Jespersen's cycle, negation uses a negative absolutive marker dean derived from the Classical connegative determiner de.
- SEA style serial verbs
- Emphatic -mik (< miek)
- Tricons is derivational not inflectional
Modern Netagin people usually have Classical Netagin names
Should drop some final consonants like Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (which has qam > qa 'stand' and emar > ema 'say')
Inspiration: "What if Hebrew evolved further in Mainland Southeast Asia"
Lexicon
- ďaccerabaccera (may be stressed as ďáccera báccera) = unintelligible, 'it's all Greek to me'
- Bric ťebari ku ďáccerabáccera votok midbi. (speech religious COP unintelligible all hither) --- "Religious jargon just all sounds like gobbledygook to me."
Phonology
"Classical Netagin become Modern Saigon Vietnamese"
Consonants
- CNtg r /r/ becomes a uvular approximant [ʁ]
- ť ď /t d/ become /ʈ~ʈʂ ɖ~ɖʐ/
- ś ź /ɕ ʑ/ become non-retracted /s z/, while s z become /ʂ ʐ/
- ć /t͡ɕ/ merges with c /ts(ret)/ into /t͡ɕ/
Vowels
i u ů ė e ă o a /i ɨ o~u e ɛ ə ɔ a/
- unconditional: u > /ï/, ů > /u/
- ie = ė = /e/ but ie sometimes > /i/
- y > /i/, sometimes /ə/
Stress
Stress shift to penult? (to be able to pull a JBA and drop final consonants)
Parts of speech
Pronouns
Șinach Netagin has only one set of pronouns, from the Classical Netagin emphatic pronouns. They do not inflect for case.
| 1sg | 2sg | 3sg | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| animate | inanimate | |||||
| li | dů | naj | nas | ťů | nybi | nus |
Subject pronouns can be omitted when they are clear from context, though Netagin has lost person inflection on verbs. Object pronouns can also be omitted...
Nouns
Like Modern Windermere, Șinach Netagin has definite and specific articles. They're both postposed unstressed clitics: -ve (< kyve 'that') for definite, -di (< -dbin 'hither' > 'here') for specific
Prepositions
CNtg my is analyzed as part of prepositions, resulting in many prepositions ending in -m. Most Șinach Netagin prepositions come from relational nouns or from words for locations in CNtg (reanalyzed as nouns). Though nouns, including relational nouns/prepositions, can take possessive affixes (like Hebrew nouns and prepositions), in everyday speech, motion used instead of personal markers.
Motion verbs
Śinax Netagin has inherited Classical Netagin motion verbs essentially unchanged; motion verbs are required to say "go", "come", "carry", "take" or "bring", as in Slavic. Śinax Netagin motion verbs use forms inherited from the Classical transgressive.
go vs. come in atelic?
| Meaning | Telic, "go" | Telic, "come" | Atelic, "go" | Atelic, "come" |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to go by foot, to walk | můr | amůr | vaććůl | vćaćůl |
| to go with a land vehicle | dlůk | ădlůk | dalůk | dlalůk |
| to ride, to mount (trans.) | qapcea (Binyan 3) | qyppacea (Binyan 5) | pecea (Binyan 1) | păcacea (Binyan 10) |
| to go in | xapuŋ (Binyan 1) | qaxpoŋ (Binyan 2) | xappoŋ (Binyan 6) | xăpapoŋ (Binyan 10) |
| to go out; to rise (of heavenly bodies and other inanimate beings) | paduś (Binyan 1) | qapdoś (Binyan 2) | paddoś (Binyan 6) | pădadoś (Binyan 10) |
| to set (of heavenly bodies) to fall (of precipitation) |
śabud (Binyan 1) | qaśbod (Binyan 2) | śabbod (Binyan 6) | śibabod (Binyan 10) |
| to run | ŋiź (Binyan 1) | ŋuź (Binyan 2) | ŋavvoź (Binyan 6) | ŋăvavoź (Binyan 10) |
| to swim | nehab (Binyan 1) | qanhob (Binyan 2) | nahob (Binyan 6) | năhahob (Binyan 10) |
| to fly | kall (Binyan 1) | qakoll (Binyan 2) | kallol (Binyan 6) | kaslol (Binyan 8) |
| to float on water to go with a small boat, to row |
qivvahat (Binyan 5) | qavhot (Binyan 2) | qyvahot (Binyan 3) | văhahot (Binyan 10) |
| to flow (of a fluid or current) | behal (Binyan 1) | qabhol (Binyan 2) | bahol (Binyan 6) | băhahot (Binyan 10) |
| to roll | mlůl | amlůl | mallůl | maslůl |
| to climb | ďxůp | aďxůp | ďaxxůp | ďxaxůp |
| to jump | bacc (Binyan 1) | qabocc (Binyan 2) | baccoc (Binyan 6) | bascoc (Binyan 8) |
| to crawl | zir (Binyan 1) | zur (Binyan 2) | zarzor (Binyan 6) | zăvavor (Binyan 10) |
| to fall (of animates) to go down (of inanimates) |
namea (Binyan 1) | qanmea (Binyan 2) | nammea (Binyan 6) | nămamea (Binyan 10) |
| to dive, go into water | sadea (Binyan 2) | qasdea (Binyan 2) | saddea (Binyan 6) | sădadea (Binyan 10) |
| to carry, bring (on foot) | ŋapsoŋ (Binyan 4) | qapsoŋ (Binyan 2) | passoŋ (Binyan 6) | păsasoŋ (Binyan 10) |
| to carry, bring (using a vehicle) (trans.) | qiddalok (Binyan 6) | qadlok (Binyan 2) | dallok (Binyan 6) | dălalok (Binyan 10) |
| to carry, bring in | ŋaxpoŋ (Binyan 5) | qyxxapoŋ (Binyan 5) | xappoŋ (Binyan 6) | xăpapoŋ (Binyan 10) |
| to carry, bring out | ŋapdoś (Binyan 4) | qyppadoś (Binyan 5) | paddoś (Binyan 6) | pădadoś (Binyan 10) |
| to pull, drag (trans.) | kaćol (Binyan 1) | qakćol (Binyan 2) | qykaćol (Binyan 3) | kăćacol (Binyan 10) |
| to drive (an animal or a vehicle), lead | paďor (Binyan 1) | qapďor (Binyan 2) | paďďor (Binyan 6) | păďaďor (Binyan 10) |
Syntax
Present tense: subject + man + verb + object (the verb is usually etymologically a VN; man is from my + a demonstrative ne-)
- Li jėn ma qišnaz, xambe kve man qalůť.
- 1SG NEG PRES obey, when that PRES bad
- I do not obey others when it's wrong.
Derivation
Poetry
Folk Netagin "piyyutim" use the same rhyming criteria as Classical Netagin "piyyutim", but they use weight-agnostic meters and are composed in Vernacular Netagin.