Proto-Zanahic

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Introduction

Proto-Zanahic is the reconstructed ancestor of Zanahi and other Zanahic languages.

Phonology

Consonants

Reconstructed consonant phonemes of Proto-Zanahic
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/
Stop voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /ɡ/
ejective /pʼ/ /tʼ/ /kʼ/
Affricate voiceless s /ts/
voiced z /dz/
ejective /tsʼ/
Fricative ś /s/ š /ɕ/ h /h/
Trill r /r/
Approximant l /l/ y /j/ w /w/

Vowels and Syllabics

Reconstructed vowel phonemes of Proto-Zanahic
Short Long
Front Back Front Back
Close i /i/ u /u/ ī /iː/ ū /uː/
Mid e /ɛ/ ē /ɛː/
Open a /a/ o /ɒ/ ā /aː/ ō /ɒː/
Reconstructed diphthongs of Proto-Zanahic
Short Long
/i/ /u/ /i/ /u/
/ɛ/ ey /ɛi/ ew /ɛu/ ēy /ɛːi/ ēw /ɛːu/
/a/ ay /ai/ aw /au/ āy /aːi/ āw /aːu/
/ɒ/ oy /ɒi/ ow /ɒu/ ōy /ɒːi/ ōw /ɒːu/
Reconstructed syllabic consonants of Proto-Zanahic
Consonant Short Long
/m/ /m̩/ m̥̄ /m̩ː/
/n/ /n̩/ n̥̄ /n̩ː/
/r/ /r̩/ r̥̄ /r̩ː/
/l/ /l̩/ l̥̄ /l̩ː/

Note that *i and *u (and their long forms *ī and *ū) are considered the syllabic counterparts of *y and *w respectively.

Orthography

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

(IN PROGRESS)

Nominals

Pronouns

Personal pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns

- There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending .

Numerals

Zanahi numerals
Symbol Cardinal number
masc. fem. neuter
1 *’oynoh *’oynā *’oynom
2 *ṭuwā *ṭuwāi *ṭuwā
3 *treyeh *treyeh *treyā
4 *ketureh *ketureh *keturā
5 *penke
6 *šesš
7 *heptm̥
8 *’ostō
9 *newn̥
10 *desm̥
20 ṭuwīsn̥ti
30 trīsant
100 *sn̥tom

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources