Phonological history of Valthungian

N.B.: This article uses a phonetic feature notation shorthand in which all described features are limited to three characters. Please refer to the legend here.

Changes from Griutungi & Gothic to Old Valthungian (ca. 300ᴀᴅ‒950ᴀᴅ)

Spirantisation I

Spirantisation I: C[-snt][+vox] → [+cnt] / V,L}___{V,L
Date:	300ᴀᴅ
Type:	Phonetic
Rule:	C[-snt][+vox] → [+cnt] / V,L}___{V,L “A voiced stop becomes continuant after a vowel or liquid when followed by a vowel or liquid.”
Exhaustive:	b,d,g → β,ð,ɣ
Notes:	Already occurred in pre-Gothic and even Proto-Germanic (“Spirantisation 0”), but may not have included liquids in the environment. Allophonic at this stage.
Examples:	‘to have’ ‘terrible’ ‘bed’ ‘wonder’ ‘days’ ‘nice’ PGmc: habaną [haβanã] abrō [abroː] badją [badją] seldō [seldoː] dagōz [daɣoːz] fagrō [ɸaɡroː] Gothic: haban [haβan] abra [abra] badi [baði] silda [silda] dagōs [daɣoːs] fagra [ɸaɡra] Griutungi: haban [haβan] abra [abra] badi [baði] silda [silda] dagōs [daɣoːs] fagra [ɸaɡra] SpirI: haban [haβan] abra [aβra] badi [baði] silda [silða] dagōs [daɣoːs] fagra [ɸaɣra] OldVal: habvan [haβan] abvra [aβra] badvi [baði] slidva [sliða] dagyous [daɣoʊ̯s] fagyra [ɸaɣra] MidVal: havɴ [havn̩] avʀ [avr̩] baði [baði] sliða [sliðə] dagos [daɡos] fagʀ [faɡr̩] Valth: havna [havna] avra [avra] baðe [baðe̞] sliða [sliða] dagas [daɡas] fagra [faɡra]
Limit:	450ᴀᴅ
Persistence:	Expanded into Spirantisation II