Voltch

Voltch (native: voalc /vo̯altʃ/) is an Anglic language descended from Old English.

Voltch
voalc
Pronunciation	[vo̯aɫtʃ]
Created by	Shariifka
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic North Sea Germanic Anglo-Frisian Anglic Voltch
Early forms	Proto-Indo-European Proto-Germanic Old English

Introduction

Etymology

From Old English folcisċ "vernacular language".

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants spelling IPA Remarks normally final b /b/ /p/ ch /x/ c /tʃ/ cg /dʒ/ /tʃ/ Treated as a double consonant in terms of checking syllables. d /d/ /t/ f /f/ g /ɡ/ /k/ h /ɦ/ — j /j/ — k /k/ l /l/ Pronounced dark/velarized ([ɫ]) word-finally and before consonants. lj /ʎ/ m /m/ n /n/ Assimilates place of articulation with following consonant. nj /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/ p /p/ r /r/ s /s/ sc /ʃ/ Treated as a double consonant in terms of checking syllables. t /t/ v /v/ — w /v/ /f/ z /z/ — zc /ʒ/ — Treated as a double consonant in terms of checking syllables.

Vowels and diphthongs spelling IPA checked free a /ɑ/ /aː/ aa /aː/ — ä /æ/ /ɛː/ ää /ɛː/ — aai /aːi̯/ aau /aːu̯/ ai /ɑi̯/ au /ɑu̯/ e /ɛ/, /ə/ /eː/, /ə/ ea /e̯a/ ee /eː/ eei /eːi̯/ eeu /eːu̯/ ei /iː/ i, y /ɪ/, /ə/ — ie /iə̯, i̯ɪ/ ij /ɪi̯~ei̯/ iu /ɪʊ̯/ o /ɔ/ /oː/ oa /o̯a/ oi /ɔi̯/ oo /oː/ — ooi /oːi̯/ oou /oːu̯/ ou /uː/ ö /œ/ /øː/ öa /ø̯a/ öö /øː/ öü /yː/ u /ʊ/ /uː/ ue /uə̯, u̯ʊ/ ui /ʊɪ̯/ uu /ʊu̯~ou̯/ ü /ʏ/ /yː/ üe /yə̯, y̆ʏ/ üü /ʏy̆~øy̆/

Alphabet

Letter Name IPA A a a [ʔaː] B b be [beː] C c ce [tʃʰeː] D d de [deː] E e e [ʔeː] F f ef [ʔɛf] G g ge [ɡeː] H h ha [ɦaː] I i ij [ʔɪi̯]

Letter Name IPA J j jot [jɔtʰ] K k ka [kʰaː] L l el [ʔɛɫ] M m em [ʔɛm] N n en [ʔɛn] O o o [ʔoː] P p pe [pʰeː] Q q kuu [kʰʊu̯] R r er [ʔɛɾ]

Letter Name IPA S s es [ʔɛs] T t te [tʰeː] U u uu [ʔʊu̯] V v ve [veː] W w dobbel ve [ˈdɔbəɫ veː] X x iks [ʔɪks] Y y ɡreike ij [ˈɡɾiːkə ʔɪi̯] (IJ ij) loange ij [ˈlo̯aŋə ʔɪi̯] Z z zet [zɛtʰ]

Historical phonology

Old English	Environment	Voltch	Remarks
Vowels
a	lengthened	a (long), aa
	unstressed	e (schwa)
	otherwise	a (short)
ā	everywhere	uo
æ, ea	lengthened	ä (long), ää
	otherwise	ä (short)
ǣ	everywhere	ie
e	lengthened	ea
	unstressed	e (schwa)
	otherwise	e (short)
ē	everywhere	ei
eo	lengthened	öa
	otherwise	ö
ēo	everywhere	öü
ēa	everywhere	üe
i, ie	lengthened	e (long), ee
	before h + consonant	e (short)
	otherwise	i
ī, īe	everywhere	ij
o	lengthened	oa
	unstressed	e (schwa)
	otherwise	o (short)
ō	everywhere	ou
u	lengthened	o (long), oo
	otherwise	u
ū	everywhere	uu
y	lengthened	ö (long), öö
	otherwise	ü
ȳ	everywhere	üü
Consonants
b		b
c		k
ċ		c
d		d
f	unvoiced	f
	voiced	v	voiced word-initially, between vowels, and after liquids before vowels.
g		g, ∅
ġ		j
h		h, ch
l		l
m		m
n		n
p		p
r		r
s		s, z
t		t
w		w, ∅

Morphology

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Possessive	Reflexive
1S	ic	mec	mei	mijn	meizealf
2SI	duu	dec	dei	dijn	deizealf
3SM	hei	heen	him	his	himzealf
3SF	höü	höü	heer	heer	heerzealf
3SN	hit	hit	him	his	himzealf
1D	wit	oonk	oonk	oonker	oonkzealf
2D	jit	jeenk	jeenk	jeenker	jeenkzealf
3D	bein	bein	biem	bier	biemzealf
1P	wei	uus	uus	uur	uuszealf
2P/F	jei	jöü	jöü	jöür	jöüzealf
3P	hij	hij	höm	höar	hömzealf

Demonstratives and Articles

Indefinite article

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	aan	anen	anem	anes
SF	ane	ane	aner	aner
SN	aan	aan	anem	anes

Negative article

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	naan	nanen	nanem	nanes
SF	nane	nane	naner	naner
SN	naan	naan	nanem	nanes
P	nane	nane	nanem	naner

Definitie article and neutral demonstrative

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	dei	dään	diem	däs
SF	döü	döü	dier	dier
SN	dät	dät	diem	däs
P	due	due	duem	duer

Near demonstrative

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	dis	dissen	dissem	disses
SF	disse	disse	disser	disser
SN	dis	dis	dissem	disses
P	disse	disse	dissem	disser

Far demonstrative

Strong declension
	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	joan	joanen	joanem	joanes
SF	joane	joane	joaner	joaner
SN	joan	joan	joanem	joanes
P	joane	joane	joanem	joaner
Weak declension
SM	joane	joanen	joanen	joanen
SF	joane	joanen	joanen	joanen
SN	joane	joane	joanen	joanen
P	joanen	joanen	joanem	joanen

Adjectives

(Note: -e- in endings is dropped after vowels)

Strong adjective declension

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	—	-en	-em	-es
SF	-e	-e	-er	-er
SN	—	—	-em	-es
P	-e	-e	-em	-er

Weak adjective declension

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Genitive
SM	-e	-en	-en	-en
SF	-e	-en	-en	-en
SN	-e	-e	-en	-en
P	-en	-en	-em	-en

Numerals

Number	Cardinal	Ordinal (all wk.)
0	nuecht (str. noun n. sg.)	nuechtede
1	uen (str. adj. sg.)	ierste
2	twue (str. adj. pl.)	twuede
3	dröü (str. adj. pl.)	dridde
4	vöür	vöürde
5	vijf	vijfte
6	zechs	zechste
7	zöaven	zöavde
8	ächt	ächtede
9	nijn	nijde
10	tein	töüde
11	ellöaven	ellöavde
12	twealf	twealfte
13	dröütein	dröütöüde
14	vöürtein	vöürtöüde
15	vijftein	vijftöüde
16	zechstein	zechstöüde
17	zöaventein	zöaventöüde
18	ächtein	ächtöüde
19	nijntein	nijntöüde
20	tweintij	tweintijde
30	drijtij	drijtijde
40	vöürtij	vöürtijde
50	vijftij	vijftijde
60	zechstij	zechstijde
70	zöaventij	zöaventijde
80	ächtij	ächtijde
90	nijntij	nijntijde
100	hundred (str. noun n.)	hundredde
1000	duuzend (str. noun n.)	duuzende

Verbs

Examples of strong verbs

Class 1

Conjugation of bijten "to bite" (strong class 1)

Infinitive			bijten
Present participle			bijtend
Past participle			ibeten
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	bijte	bijte	buet	bete
2SI	bijtst		buetst		bijt
3S	bijtet		buet
P	bijtet	bijten	beten	beten	bijtet

Class 2

Conjugation of kröüpen "to crawl" (strong class 2)

Infinitive			kröüpen
Present participle			kröüpend
Past participle			ikroapen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	kröüpe	kröüpe	krüep	krope
2SI	krijpst		krüepst		kröüp
3S	krijpt		krüep
P	kröüpt	kröüpen	kropen	kropen	kröüpt

Conjugation of bruuken "to use" (strong class 2)

Infinitive			bruuken
Present participle			bruukend
Past participle			ibroaken
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	bruuke	bruuke	brüek	broke
2SI	brüükst		brüekst		bruuk
3S	brüükt		brüek
P	bruukt	bruuken	broken	broken	bruukt

Conjugation of cöüzen "to choose" (strong class 2)

Infinitive			cöüzen
Present participle			cöüzend
Past participle			icoaren
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	cöüze	cöüze	cües	coze
2SI	cijst		cüest		cöüs
3S	cijst		cües
P	cöüst	cöüzen	coren	coren	cöüst

Class 3

Conjugation of zeengen "to sing" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			zeengen
Present participle			zeengend
Past participle			izoongen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	zeenge	zeenge	zaang	zoonge
2SI	zeengst		zaangst		zeeng
3S	zeengt		zaang
P	zeengt	zeengen	zoongen	zoongen	zeengt

Conjugation of healpen "to help" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			healpen
Present participle			healpend
Past participle			ihoalpen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	healpe	healpe	häälp	hoolpe
2SI	hilpst		häälpst		healp
3S	hilpt		häälp
P	healpt	healpen	hoolpen	hoolpen	healpt

Conjugation of wöarpen "to throw" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			wöarpen
Present participle			wöarpend
Past participle			iwoarpen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	wöarpe	wöarpe	wäärp	wrope
2SI	wirpst		wäärpst		wöarp
3S	wirpt		wäärp
P	wöarpt	wöarpen	woorpen	woorpen	wöarpt

Conjugation of föchten "to fight" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			föchten
Present participle			föchtend
Past participle			ifochten
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	föchte	föchte	fächt	fächte
2SI	fechtest		fächtest		föcht
3S	fechtet		fächt
P	föchtet	föchten	fochten	fochten	föchtet

Class 4

Conjugation of zeengen "to sing" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			zeengen
Present participle			zeengend
Past participle			izoongen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	zeenge	zeenge	zaang	zoonge
2SI	zeengst		zaangst		zeeng
3S	zeengt		zaang
P	zeengt	zeengen	zoongen	zoongen	zeengt

Class 5

Conjugation of zeengen "to sing" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			zeengen
Present participle			zeengend
Past participle			izoongen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	zeenge	zeenge	zaang	zoonge
2SI	zeengst		zaangst		zeeng
3S	zeengt		zaang
P	zeengt	zeengen	zoongen	zoongen	zeengt

=Class 6

Conjugation of zeengen "to sing" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			zeengen
Present participle			zeengend
Past participle			izoongen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	zeenge	zeenge	zaang	zoonge
2SI	zeengst		zaangst		zeeng
3S	zeengt		zaang
P	zeengt	zeengen	zoongen	zoongen	zeengt

Class 7

Conjugation of zeengen "to sing" (strong class 3)

Infinitive			zeengen
Present participle			zeengend
Past participle			izoongen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	zeenge	zeenge	zaang	zoonge
2SI	zeengst		zaangst		zeeng
3S	zeengt		zaang
P	zeengt	zeengen	zoongen	zoongen	zeengt

Irregular

Conjugation of wezen "to be" (strong irregular)

Infinitive			wezen
Present participle			wezend
Past participle			iböün
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	öm	böü	wäs	wiere
2SI	ärt		wäst		böü
3S	is		wäs
P	zind	böün	wieren	wieren	böüt

Conjugation of doun "to do, make; to cause to" (strong irregular with weak past)

Infinitive			doun
Present participle			dound
Past participle			idoun
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	dou	dou	döde	döde
2SI	deist		dödest		dou
3S	deit		döde
P	dout	doun	döden	döden	dout

Conjugation of guen "to go" (strong irregular with weak past)

Infinitive			guen
Present participle			guend
Past participle			iguen
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	gue	gue	öüde	öüde
2SI	giest		öüdest		gue
3S	giet		öüde
P	guet	guen	öüden	öüden	guet

Examples of weak verbs

Conjugation of loven "to love" (weak regular)

Infinitive			loven
Present participle			lovend
Past participle			iloovd
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	love	love	loovde	loovde
2SI	loofst		loovdest		loof
3S	looft		loovde
P	looft	loven	loovden	loovden	looft

Conjugation of häbben "to have" (weak irregular)

Infinitive			häbben
Present participle			häbbend
Past participle			ihäd
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	häbbe	häbbe	hädde	hädde
2SI	häst		häddest		hääf
3S	hät		hädde
P	häbt	häbben	hädden	hädden	häbt

Conjugation of zecgen "to say" (weak irregular)

Infinitive			zecgen
Present participle			zecgend
Past participle			izaaid
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	zecge	zecge	zaaide	zaaide
2SI	zaaist		zaaidest		zaai
3S	zaait		zaaide
P	zecget	zecgen	zaaiden	zaaiden	zecget

Conjugation of libben "to live" (weak irregular)

Infinitive			libben
Present participle			libbend
Past participle			ilivd
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	libbe	libbe	livde	livde
2SI	lööfst		livdest		lööf
3S	lööft		livde
P	libt	libben	livden	livden	libt

Examples of preterite-present verbs

Conjugation of kunnen "to be familiar with; to be able to (do)"

Infinitive			kunnen
Present participle			kunnend
Past participle			ikuud
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	kan	kunne	kuude	kuude
2SI	kanst		kuudest		kun
3S	kan		kuude
P	kunnen	kunnen	kuuden	kuuden	kunt

Conjugated like kunnen is junnen "to grant, gift".

Conjugation of willen "to want; to be going to"

Infinitive			willen
Present participle			willend
Past participle			iwoald
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	wil	wille	woalde	woalde
2SI	wilst		woaldest		wil
3S	wil		woalde
P	willen	willen	woalden	woalden	wilt

Conjugation of scolen "to must"

Infinitive			scolen
Present participle			scolend
Past participle			iscoald
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	scäl	scöle	scoalde	scoalde
2SI	scälst		scoaldest		scool
3S	scäl		scoalde
P	scolen	scölen	scoalden	scoalden	scoolt

Conjugation of uegen "to be allowed (to)"

Infinitive			uegen
Present participle			uegend
Past participle			juecht
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	ueg	uege	uechte	uechte
2SI	uegst		uechtest		ueg
3S	ueg		uechte
P	uegen	uegen	uechten	uechten	uegt

Conjugation of weten "to know, to be aware (of)"

Infinitive			weten
Present participle			wetend
Past participle			iwist
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	wuet	wete	wiste	wiste
2SI	wuetst		wetest		weet
3S	wuet		wiste
P	weten	weten	wisten	wisten	wet

Conjugation of inogen "to be content, to have enough; to enjoy"

Infinitive			inogen
Present participle			inogend
Past participle			inocht
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	inäg	inöge	inochte	inochte
2SI	inägst		inochtest		inoog
3S	inäg		inochte
P	inogen	inögen	inochten	inochten	inoogt

Conjugation of maain "to succeed (in)"

Infinitive			maain
Present participle			maaind
Past participle			imecht
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	maai	maai	mechte	mechte
2SI	maaist		mechtest		maai
3S	maai		mechte
P	maain	maain	mechten	mechten	maait

Conjugation of dogen "to be suitable (for), to be able (to)"

Infinitive			dogen
Present participle			dogend
Past participle			idocht
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	düeg	döge	dochte	dochte
2SI	düegst		dochtest		doog
3S	düeg		dochte
P	dogen	dögen	dochten	dochten	doogt

Conjugation of mouten "to possibly (do), to might"

Infinitive			mouten
Present participle			moutend
Past participle			imoust
	Present		Past		Imperative
	Indicative	Subjunctive	Indicative	Subjunctive
1S	mout	moute	mouste	mouste
2SI	moutst		moustest		mout
3S	mout		mouste
P	mouten	mouten	mousten	mousten	moutet

Vocabulary

Time - Tijd

Seasons - Due jüertijde

English	Voltch
spring	lengten
summer	zomer
fall	häärvest
winter	weenter

Days of the week - Due daais of döü weken

English	Voltch
Sunday	ierstendaai
Monday	twuedendaai
Tuesday	driddendaai
Wednesday	vöürdendaai
Thursday	vijftendaai
Friday	zechstendaai
Saturday	zöavedendaai

Parts of the day - Due duele of duem daaie

English	Voltch
day	daai
dawn	daging
morning	moargen
noon	middaai
afternoon	äftermiddaai
evening	ieven
dusk	nechting
night	necht
midnight	midnecht

Units of time - Uenhuedes of tijde

English	Voltch
second	zekoond
minute	minuute
hour	tijm
day	daai
week	weke
month	mound
season	jüertijd
year	jüer

-->

Time adverbs - Tijdes bijwoorde

English	Voltch
now	nuu
then	don
recently, a short time ago, just	zuenuu
earlier	räder
soon, shortly	zoun
later	zijd; läter
always	zemblen
often	often
sometimes	wijlen
rarely	zealden
never	niever
ever	iever
still, yet	jijt
already	ier
today	toudaai
tonight	tounecht
yesterday	jirstendaai
last night	jirstennecht
tomorrow	toumoargen
before yesterday	ierjirstendaai
two nights ago	ierjirstennecht
after tomorrow	oavermoargen
this week	disse weke
last week	lätste weke
next week	nichste weke

Colours - Düeges

Colours - Due düeges

English	Voltch
white	wijt
grey	grij
black	zwäärt
red	rüed
orange	orancge
brown	bruun
yellow	jöale
green	grein
blue	blöü
pink	rueze
purple	poorper
golden	göölden

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

Älle men wöardet vröü and ilijc on uere and rechtem iboaren. Glöüscip and touknounes zind him jifted, and hij scolen...