Häskä/Wordlist
| Häskä/Wordlist | |
|---|---|
| Wieb-Muts | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qwb |
Häskä/Wordlist is the ancestor language of Zwehrer and Gauf Wiebian lects.
Orthography
- See also: Wiebian/Script.
Historical phonology
AW inventory
Ancient Wiebian:
ɪ iː ʏ yː ʊ uː
ɛ eː œ øː ɔ oː
a aː
ɪɐ iːɐ ʏɐ yːɐ ʊɐ uːɐ
ɛɐ eːɐ œɐ øːɐ ɔɐ oːɐ
aɐ aːɐ
aʊ aɪ ɔʏ
aʊɐ aɪɐ ɔʏɐ
ə
Sound changes
AW > Pre-OZw
- Vʀɐ > Vɐ
- ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ
- ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
- au > əʊ / _(voiceless)
- ɔʏ > əʏ / _(voiceless)
- əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables
Initial changes
- ts > s
- Cv > Cw
- Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ
Aspiration
- sp sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
- sv sz > wʰ s
- sm sn > mʰ nʰ
Séimhiú
- Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
- Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ ɦ h ɦ
- Vm Vl > v j
- aspirated consonants mutate the same as non-aspirated ones, except: mʰ > wʰ, nʰ > nʰ, lʰ > wʰ, wʰ > wʰ
Urú
- np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
- nf ns nɧ > v z ɧ̬
- nsm nsn > m n
- nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
- nsl > l
Pharyngealization split
- Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
- s-ʀ > hˁ, ʀ > ʔˁ
Other changes
- v > w
Pre-OZw > OZw
- a aː > æ æː
- e i o u ø y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
- eː iː oː øː uː yː > jaː eː waː ɥaː oː øː / _Cɐ
- a e i > o ø y / _Cʊ
- aː eː iː > oː øː yː / _Cʊ
- final ɐ, ʊ lost
- ai aw ay > eː oː øː
- iɐ̯ eɐ̯ > iːa
- ɛɐ̯ > jaː
- uɐ̯ oɐ̯ > uːa
- ɔɐ̯ > waː
- yɐ̯ > yːa
- øɐ̯ > ɥaː
- aɐ̯ > æː
- ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
- ˁaː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁaw ˁew ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
- ˁVɐ̯ > ˁəa (if V != a)
- ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
- æː eː iː oː uː øː yː > eː iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
- əa > əː
- ei ou øy > iː uː yː
- pharyngealization lost; k-series and q-series (kˁ) remain distinct
AW > OZw finals
- cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
- cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
- -w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
- -j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Click | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ɳ̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊/ | /ɴ̊/ | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ɳ/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | /ɴ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /ʈ/ | /ǃ/ | /k/ | /q/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /ʈʰ/ | /ǃʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /qʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /ɖ/ | /ɡǃ/ | /ɡ/ | /ɢ/ | ||
| Spirants | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | /h/ | |
| voiced | /ð/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | /ʁ/ | ||||
| Sibilants | voiceless | /s/ | /ʂ/ | |||||
| voiced | /z/ | /ʐ/ | ||||||
| Approximant | voiceless | /ʍ/ | /l̥/ | |||||
| voiced | /w/ | /l/ | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
| Mid | /e/ | /eː/ | /ø/ | /øː/ | /əː/ | /ɔ/ | /oː/ | |
| Open | /æ/ | /æː/ | /ɑ/ | /ɑː/ | ||||
Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
Tones
- (-p m)
- (-p b)
- (-p g)
- (+p m)
- (+p b)
- (+p g)
Grammar
For ordinal numerals: Schmielke 'order' e.g. wahm Schmielke Hauer 'the first king' (or Zwind? any relation to zweid 'walk'?)
Phrasebook
wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier:
va:m, dɪɧɐ, naɐ̯k, ɡ!auf, ze:lɪɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀaut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯
væ:m, dɛɧ, naɐ̯k, ɡ!əuf, ze:ləɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀəut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯
ve:m, dɛɧ, na:k, ɡ!u:, zi:ləɧ, ʃtaum, ʀaut, lja:ts, pfa:p, kaiɐ
ve:m, dɛɧ, na:k, ɡ!u:, zi:lɧ, tʰaum, ʕaut, lja:s, fa:p, kaiɐ
ve:m (-p m), dɛj (-p b), na:k (-p g), ɡ!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), 'aut (-p g), lja: (-p b), faap (-p g), kaiɐ (-p m)