First Phonology
Consonants
| Mode / POA |
Labial |
Dental |
Palatal |
Velar
|
| Voiceless Plosive
|
p |
t |
ty |
k
|
| Voiced Plosive
|
b |
d |
dy |
g
|
| Prenasalised Plosives 1
|
mb |
nd |
ndy |
ngg
|
| Nasals
|
m |
n |
ny |
ng 2
|
| Prestopped Nasals 1, 2
|
pm |
tn |
tny |
(kng)
|
| Fricatives 3
|
(f) |
s |
sy |
(h)
|
| Liquids
|
w |
l |
y |
|
| Rhotics3, 4
|
|
r |
|
gh
|
- Prenasalised plosives and their prestopped nasal counterparts can only occur between vowels
- Rhotics have to come after a vowel
- The velar nasal generally doesn't come word initially
- The velar rhotic is often not pronounced
Second Phonology
(Japonic, Okinawan, Arabic, Mongolic and god knows what else -inspired)
Consonants
| Manner |
Labial |
Dental |
Palatal |
Guttural
|
| Plosives
|
p~f |
t |
c |
k
|
| Prenasalised
|
mb |
nd |
nj |
ng
|
| Nasals
|
m |
n |
|
|
| Prestopped
|
pm |
tn |
|
|
| Fricatives
|
|
s |
x |
h
|
| Sonorants
|
w |
l~r |
|
|
Consonant-vowel combinations
|
a |
i |
u |
e |
o
|
| Ø
|
あ [] |
い /i/ |
う /u/ |
え /e/ |
お /o/
|
| K
|
か /ka/ |
き |
く |
け |
こ
|
| G
|
が |
ぎ |
ぐ |
げ |
ご
|
| S
|
さ |
し |
す |
せ |
そ
|
| T
|
た |
ち |
つ |
て |
と
|
| D
|
だ |
ぢ |
づ |
で |
ど
|
| N
|
な |
に |
ぬ |
ね |
の
|
| H
|
は |
ひ |
ふ |
へ |
ほ
|
| (P)
|
ぱ |
ぴ |
ぷ |
ぺ |
ぽ
|
| B
|
ば |
び |
ぶ |
べ |
ぼ
|
| M
|
ま |
み |
む |
め |
も
|
| Y
|
や |
|
ゆ |
|
よ
|
| R
|
ら |
り |
る |
れ |
ろ
|
| W
|
わ |
ゐ |
|
ゑ |
を
|
|
ん /N/
|
|
っ /ʔ/
|