User:Ceige/Korean Grammar Overview

From Linguifex
< User:Ceige
Revision as of 22:02, 18 September 2017 by IlL (talk | contribs) (→‎Noun case with Japanese equivalents)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

As there is already extensive information about Korean grammar, I will only try and collate it here.

Nouns

Noun case with Japanese equivalents

Below tables stolen from Wikipedia with additions

Case clitics
Case After vowels After consonants Japanese
Nominative ka 가 -ga -i 이 ga
Accusative lul 를 -reul ul 을 -eul wo
Genitive -uy 의 -ui1 no
Dative
(also destination) 		-ey 에 -e (inanimate)
-ey key 에게 -ege (animate) 		ni, e
-lo 로 -ro2 (destination) -ulo 으로 -euro (destination)
Locative
(place of event, also source) 		-ey se 에서 -eseo (inanimate)
-ey key se 에게서 -egeseo (animate)		 de
Instrumental -lo 로 -ro2 -ulo 으로 -euro de
Comitative
(also and) 		-hako 하고 -hago to
-wa 와 kwa 과 -gwa - rel. to ka?
lang 랑 -rang -i lang 이랑 -irang -

1 -uy 의 is a historical and antiquated spelling, which is now commonly pronounced [ɛ] as well as [ɰi]. -uy is often omitted in colloquial speech.
2 -lo also occurs with stems ending in ㄹ l.

Informational clitics
Information clitics
Type After vowels After consonants Japanese
Topic* nun 는 neun un 은 -eun wa
Additive* to 도 -do mo
Or na 나 -na -i na 이나 -ina ~ka?

* The topic and additive markers mark the noun phrase with case markers. They override the nominative and accusative case markers rather than being attached after those case markers.

Comparisons with Japanese

Misc

How to Study Korean

Not sure on the pronunciation quality here - will need to check with a native speaker. Korean phonology (the field of study, that is) is a minefield anyway.


Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=User:Ceige/Korean_Grammar_Overview&oldid=87586"