Ín Duári: Difference between revisions

The Ín Duári have often been referred to in older literature by the name ''Golahát''.  The term is an exonym, originating from the Peshpeg word ''gola'', meaning foreigner, and ''-hát'', a Peshpeg suffix used to derived denonyms; the suffix ''-hát'' is itself a borrowing from the Minhast suffix ''-ast/-hast''.  The endonym ''ín Duari'', used by native speakers to refer to themselves,  means "the people", and they refer to their language as ''rinázi'', meaning "those who speak (intelligibly)".

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==Phonology==

===Orthography===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"

|-  

|-  

|-  

|}

===Consonants===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"

|-  

! colspan="2" |

|  f  v

|  θ ð

| x

|  

<div style="position: absolute; left: 5%; width: 2.3em; top: 2%; background: white;">i</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 43%; width: 3.1em; top: 2%; background: white;"></div>

<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->

<div style="position: absolute; left: 28%; width: 2.33em; top: 17%; background: white;">ɪ</div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 74%; width: 1.5em; top: 17%; background: white;"></div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 16%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>

<div style="position: absolute; left: 50%; width: 2.7em; top: 30%; background: white;"></div>

<!-- MID VOWELS -->

<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->

<div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; width: 3em; top: 58%; background: white;">ɛ</div>

<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->

<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->

<div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; width: 2em; top: 86%; background: white;"></div>

|}

====Length and Stress====

Vowel length is almost always associated with syllable stress.  As a general rule, long vowels do not occur in CVCC clusters, although some exceptions arise, as in ''mínþir'' (exhaustion).  If two or more long vowels occur in a word, the final long vowel is stressed.

===Phonotactics===

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===Morphophonology===

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The Class I and Class II nouns are unmarked in the nominative, but mark the accusative with a suffix specific for that class.  Nouns from Class III to Class VI all exhibit suffix marking on the nominative, with null marking on the accusative.  These nouns are referred to as the ''unmarked accusative'' nouns, or ''marked nominative'' nouns.  Based on this type of case marking, linguists have classified Ín Duári's morphosyntactic alighnment as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93absolutive_language nominative-absolutive ], a subtype of the more familiar nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alighment.  Nominative-absolutive languages occur rarely throughout the world. However, Ín Duári exhibits nominative-absolutive alignment only in Class III-Class VIII.  Class I and Class II exhibit the prototypical nominative-accusative pattern though, so Ín Duári is highly unusual as it appears to exhibit a split alignment system between the nominative-accusative and the nominative-absolutive morphosyntactic alignment classifications.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"

| emanþea

| vannea

| dioneiða

| edioþwyðas  

| emanþeada

| vanin

| dioneið

| edioþwyð

Unlike its relative Nidâri, Ín Duári does not have a negative verbal affix; negation is indicated by the particle ''kel'' which must come before the verb, although other constituents may intervene between the negator and the verb:

==Syntax==