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Ín Duári: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Ín Duári was originally written in the native Minhast abugida called the ''Širkattarnaft'', but as it reflected Minhast's four-vowel system, it was deficient in representing Ín Duári's, whose present-day vowel inventory distinguishes seven phonemically distinct vowels. Stress, rather than length, is phonemic and is reflected in the practical Uannar orthography, adopted with modifications from the Latin alphabet. ''Uannar'' means "Eastern Sea", a historical reminder that it was early American missionaries that developed the system before the Minhast prefectures imposed restrictions limiting Western access to Aškuan. | |||
The ''Uannar'', originally representing the pronunciation of the Gæţwin dialect faithfully, has now diverged from the language as it is now spoken, so silent letters have arisen, such as the definite article ''ðæl'', which is now pronounced /dɛ/ in most dialects. | |||
<br/> | |||
<br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | | ! | Uannar Characters | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a, á, e,é, i, í, o, ó u, ú, b,p,f, v, d, ð, t, | | a, á, æ, e, é, i, í, o, ó u, ú, b, p, f, v, d, ð, t, ţ, g, k, n, m, l, r, z, s, h, ua, ue, w, y | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
<br/> | |||
The grapheme <æ> is freqently pronounced /ɛ/ and written as <e> if it falls within a stressed syllable. <y> is pronounced /ʌ/, reflected in the ''Uannar'' when it was first developed, but in contemporary speech may be pronounced /ɪ/ or /ɛ/; this change resulted as a compromise between separate sound changes that occurred in two separate dialects. /ð/ generally changes to /d/ when followed directly by a voiced nasal or liquid, or by a vowel followed by an obstruent or voiced nasal or liquid. | |||
An example of the current orthographical representation and original pronunciation, and the current pronunciation in the Gæţwin dialect, is represented in the following example: | |||
<br/><br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|+ '''Divergences in Spelling and Pronunciation Over Time''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Year || Spelling || Pronunciation || Meaning | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Differences | |||
| c. 1897 | |||
| Đæl mireli torma ueðen | |||
| /ðæl 'mirɛli torma wɛðyn/ | |||
| rowspan="2" | "The chair was (sitting) over there." | |||
|- | |||
| 2003 | |||
| Đæl mireli torma ueðen | |||
| /dɛ 'mirli 'dɔmʌ wedɪn/ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
< | <br/> | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
| Line 85: | Line 110: | ||
| f v | | f v | ||
| θ ð | | θ ð | ||
| | | ç | ||
| x | | x | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 170: | Line 195: | ||
<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS --> | <!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS --> | ||
<div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; width: 3em; top: 58%; background: white;">ɛ</div> | <div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; width: 3em; top: 58%; background: white;">ɛ</div> | ||
<div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 2.7em; top: | <div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; width: 2.7em; top: 60%; background: white;">ʌ</div> | ||
<div style="position: absolute; left: | <div style="position: absolute; left: 74%; width: 2.7em; top: 58%; background: white;">ɔ</div> | ||
<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS --> | <!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS --> | ||
| Line 210: | Line 235: | ||
The Gaețwyn dialect, although not considered the "standard" dialect, best represents the phonotactics of all the Ín Duári dialects and is found in most references of the language. | The Gaețwyn dialect, although not considered the "standard" dialect, best represents the phonotactics of all the Ín Duári dialects and is found in most references of the language. | ||
* In nominal and verbal roots, final /n/ elides to /ð/, and sporadically, /θ/, e.g. ''evaþæwyn'' instead of expected eva<u>n</u>þænwyn "clouds" (NOM.PL). | * In nominal and verbal roots, final /n/ elides to /ð/, and sporadically, /θ/, e.g. ''evaþæwyn'' instead of expected ''eva<u>n</u>þænwyn'' "clouds" (NOM.PL). | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||