Ɯ

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search


Ŭrbŭrŭx U
"the speech, U"
Pronunciation[/ˈuɾ.bu.ɾux ˈɯ/]
Created byNicolás Straccia
SettingYrḳuti conworlding project
Ɯ languages
  • Ŭrbŭrŭx U
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The language known as Ɯ is a conlang being created and developed by Nicolás Straccia as part of the Yrḳuti conworlding project.


Background


[...]


Grammar

In a nutshell:

PHONOLOGY

Vowels

Vowel inventory

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i
y
u
ɯ
e
ø
o
a
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

Stem-controlled roundness harmony. Both /a/ and /o/, a back and a front vowel, are neutral. In compounds each element retains it own harmony; affixes will harmonize with the stem with which they are directly in contact.

Consonants

Consonant inventory

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p b t d (ɟ) k g ʔ
Nasal m n (ɲ) (ŋ)
Trill r
Tap or flap ɾ
Fricative f v s ʃ x h
Africate ʧ
Approximant w j
Lateral app. l (ʎ)

Phonotaxis

Sandhi

[...]



Syllable structure

Both verbal and nominal roots, as well as affixes, have a (C)(C)V(C) syllable structure.

MORPHOLOGY

Nominal morphology

Nominal roots are marked for grammatical case, deixis (relative locativity and lativity), definiteness and number or quantity.

Grammatical gender and animacy

There are two grammatical genders: animate and inanimate. The animate gender has two subdivisions: masculine and feminine. These are all generally listed as masculine, feminine and neuter gender.

(See also ‘Animacy and volition’ below)

Grammatical number and quantifier affixes

There are two systems of grammatical number: i) for nouns, Collective 1, Dual, Singulative, Collective 2; ii) for pronouns, the numbers Singular, Dual, Plural and Indefinite.

(See also “__*number*__” below)

Grammatical number markers for nouns

The determiners account for definiteness as well as for number:

Number Definiteness Marker
col Collective Indefinite
Definite -Vr
dual Dual Indefinite -Vt
Definite -VmVm
sg Singulative Indefinite -Vm
Definite -Vx
col2 Collective 2* Indefinite -lVt
Definite -lVm
* The number “Collective 2” reffers to collectives or complete sets of a noun; e.g. ne trees, nelet a.forest

Declension particles and affixes

Grammatical case
Animate Inanimate
Singular Dual Plural 4th Singular Dual Plural 4th
Nominative nom Ø
Ergative erg an- vVl- sVm- tVm- ɯl- xan- rVm- tVl-
Dative dat bVl- mVl- bVl- mVl-
Absolutive abs tVn- wVn- VtVn- sVn- okVn- xVn- VkVn- šVn-
Accusative acc VnV- lVt- VnV- lVt-
Instrumental inst or- Vm- or- Vm-
Partitive part bV- tV- kV- tV-
Genitive gen -(o)nnu(r)
Deictics

Nominal declension themes

Personal pronouns

Propter names

Verbal morphology

Tenses

Tense-person marking suffixes

Proximate suffixes
Obviate suffixes

Verbal aspect markers

For animate subjects
For inanimate subjects

Mood marking particles

Special cases

Participles

Referent anaphora

Anaphoric reference shift particle
Use of the obviate

Animacy, control and volition

Adjectives and adverbs

Semblative constructions

Participles

Dative and genitive constructions

Derivational morphology

Derivational affixes

Compounding

Genitive compounds
Special compositional functions of verbs
Dative compounds

Nominalization

Nominalization of a verb
Nominalization of a locative adverb

Hypocoristics

Diminutives
Augmentatives
Superlatives

Negation

Use of the negative mood marker NEG xe

Use of the coordinating discourse particle &neg nŭ

Use of the discourse particle/adjective? “without” kĭllŭ

Interrogation

General interrogation

Special interrogation

Discourse particles

Numerals

SYNTAX

Morphosyntactic allignment

i) transitive verbs (A) – (V) – (O)

ii) intransitive verbs (S) – (V)

iii) ditransitive verbs (A) – (V) – (T) – (O)


(S) NOM

(A) ERG

(T) DAT

(O) i) ABS, iii) ACC

Word order

(S)-V-(O/A)-V-(T)-(O)

A/N

Lexicon


Citation forms:

Leipzig-Jakarta list

Some terms which are listed as one entry in the Leipzig-Jakarta list but have more than one distinct term in [] have become as many entries as needed to accommodate the scope of its vocabulary.


Orthography

Samples

Sentences

Example of verb conjugation paradigms

Words:

A verb:
anaramĕnkram
/a.na.ɾa.ˈmøn.kɾam/
aC₂ara-møn-hram
per.prog.anim-to.fly-1s.mas.n.pres
"I was flying"
A noun:
alāšax
/ˈa.laː.ʃax/
ala-aš-Vx
to.perceive-tool-def.singulative
"the pair of glasses"
Something idiomatic:
alahuš
/ˈa.la.hɯʃ/
ala-huš
to.perceive-to.burn
"to glare"