Ašča
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Modern Attic (Ασκη γλασατι Ašča glasatь /aʃtʃa glasatʲ/ 'the Attic language' or Aščatь 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani.
Todo
Khierietь holy, onmatot mu jestь Inthar. Dza in Phieladielphji kie spudadza mathьmatčatь.
Use a version of ruki (just "rui")
Homlia pi agapiatь kie miesot. 'I speak of love and hate.'
Khierь! (2sg)/Khierietь! (2pl) = 'Hello!'
Jukharstia! = 'Thank you!'
Sioniamie = 'Sorry.'
Ar homlias in.../Ar homliatь in... = 'Do you speak...'
Ukhomlia in atkat. = 'I don't speak Atkat.'
Agapawa sie. = 'I love you.'
Phonology (Φθογγολογια Phthongolodža)
Stress
Stress is always penultimate.
Morphology (Μορφολογια Morpholodža)
Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -ós, -0 < -os
Pronouns (Διαονυμε Žaonimie)
Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε Prosapče žaonimie)
| case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | f. | m. | f. | |||||
| nom. | γα ga | συ si | κειν čin | κείνη čínia | ξαμ šam | ξατι šatь | κείνοι číny | κείναι čine |
| gen. | μου mu | σου su | κείνου čínu | κείνηι čínie | ξαμώ šamó | ξατιώ šatió | κείνω číno | κείνιω čínio |
| acc. | με mie | σε sie | τουτ tut | τούτη tútia | ξάμοτ šámot | ξάτετ šatiet | τούτοι túty | τούται túte |
Nouns (Ουσιαστκοί Usiastký)
Feminine declension
| μάχη máčha - war | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | μάχη máčha | μάχητι máčhatь | μάχηι máčhe | μάχηιτ máčhet |
| Genitive | μάχει máčhi | μάχειτηι máčhitie | μάχιω máčho | μάχιωτω máčhoto |
| τσυχή cičhá - self | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | τσυχή cičhá | τσυχήτι cičhátь | τσυχηί cičhé | τσυχηίτ cičhét |
| Genitive | τσυχήρ cičhár | τσυχήστηι cičhástie | τσυχιώ cičhó | τσυχιώτω cičhóto |
| γλασα glasa - language | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | γλασα glasa | γλασατι glasatь | γλασαι glase | γλασαιτ glaset |
| Genitive | γλασοι glasy | γλασοιτηι glasytie | γλασω glaso | γλασωτω glasoto |
| πολιτεία poľtíja - state (polity) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | πολιτεία poľtíja | πολιτείατι poľtíjatь | πολιτείαι poľtíje | πολιτείαιτ poľtíjet |
| Genitive | πολιτείοι poľtíji | πολιτείοιτηι poľtíjitie | πολιτείω poľtíjo | πολιτείωτω poľtíjoto |
| τρυγα třiga - wing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ρυγα třiga | τρυγατι třigatь | τρυγαι třige | τρυγαιτ třiget |
| Genitive | τρυγοι třigy | τρυγοιτηι třigytie | τρυγω třigo | τρυγωτω třigoto |
Masculine o-declension
Ancient Greek neuters have merged into the masculine gender and most of them take the masculine o-declension.
Masculines that come from AG unaccented -ος or -ον nouns have a zero-marked nominative indefinite:
| ώθραπ othrap - human | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ώθραπ óthrap | ώθραποτ óthrapot | ώθραποι óthrapy | ώθραποιτ óthrapyt |
| Genitive | ωθράπου othrápu | ωθράπουτου othráputu | ωθράπω othrápo | ωθράπωτω othrápoto |
| δαρ dar - gift | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | δαρ dar | δάροτ dárot | δάροι dáry | δάροιτ dáryt |
| Genitive | δάρου dáru | δάρουτου dárutu | δάρω daro | δάρωτω daroto |
-ορ nouns come from Ancient Greek -ός (accented) nouns.
| ιατρόρ jatrór - doctor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ιατρόρ jatrór | ιατρόστ jatróst | ιατροί jatrý | ιατροίτ jatrýt |
| Genitive | ιατρού jatrú | ιατρούτου jatrútu | ιατρώ jatró | ιατρώτω jatróto |
Nouns in -ο come from AG second declension -όν:
| πτηνό cianó - bird | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | πτηνό ciano | πτηνότ cianót | πτηνοί cianý | πτηνοίτ cianýt |
| Genitive | πτηνού cianu | πτηνούτου cianutu | πτηνώ cianó | πτηνώτω cianóto |
Masculine consonant declension
| ωδρα odra - man | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ωδρα odra | ωδρατ odrat | ωδορι odoř | ωδριτ odriet |
| Genitive | ωδορ odor | ωδροτου odrotu | ωδρω odro | ωδρωτω odroto |
Adjectives (Επιθητοι Jepthiaty)
1st/2nd declension (-os/-ē)
| κοινόρ kynór - common | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| Nominative | κοινόρ kynór | κοινή kyniá | κοινοί kyný | κοινηί kynié |
| Genitive | κοινού kynú | κοινήρ kyniár | κοινώ kynó | κοινιώ kynió |
| άγον ágon - infertile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| Nominative | ágon | ágonia | ágony | ágonie |
| Genitive | agónu | agóni | agóno | agónio |
-i adjectives
(adjectives from AG -ēs/-ēs/-es)
| ευγινει judžni - polite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| Nominative | ευγινει judžni | ευγινει judžni | ευγινει judžni | ευγινει judžni |
| Genitive | ευγινου judžnu | ευγινου judžnu | ευγινω judžno | ευγινω judžno |
Prepositions (Προθηισηι Prothiesie)
- na (gen.) = dative
- in (gen.) = in
- pro (acc.) = towards (a place)
Verbs (Ρηματοι Riamaty)
Verbs have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix -k- in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.
Negative prefix: u- (before a consonant other than h); uk- or uč- (otherwise)
- παιδευει pežuji = 3sg educates; ουπαιδευει upežuji = 3sg does not teach
- αγαπαει agapaji = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπαει ukagapaji = 3sg does not love
- εισαγει isadži = it imports; ουκεισαγει učisadži = it does not import
Weak vowel verbs
| voice | tense | ga | si | ot/otia | šam | šatь | oty/ote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | present indicative | pežuwa | pežujis | pežuji | pežum | pežutь | pežuš |
| present subjunctive | pežujo | pežujas | pežuja | pežujam | pežujatь | pežujaš | |
| past indicative | pežuka | pežukas | pežuč | pežukam | pežukatь | pežukaš | |
| past subjunctive | pežukajo | pežukajas | pežukaja | pežukajam | pežukajatь | pežukajaš | |
| imperative | - | pežuj! | - | - | pežutь! | - | |
| infinitive | pežune | ||||||
| past infinitive | pežučne | ||||||
| participle | pežuwota, pežusa | ||||||
| passive | present indicative | pežume | pežuse | pežute | pežunta | pežustь | pežuwote |
| present subjunctive | pežuwime | pežuwise | pežuwite | pežuwintha | pežuwistь | pežuwijote | |
| past indicative | pežuthia | pežuthias | pežuthiač | pežuthiam | pežuthiatь | pežuthiaš | |
| past subjunctive | pežuthiejo | pežuthiejas | pežuthieja | pežuthiejam | pežuthiejatь | pežuthiejaš | |
| imperative | - | pežuse! | - | - | pežustь! | - | |
| infinitive | pežusthe | ||||||
| past infinitive | pežuthiane | ||||||
| participle | pežumien, pežumnia | ||||||
| voice | tense | ga | si | ot/otia | šam | šatь | oty/ote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | present indicative | agapawa | agapajis | agapaji | agapam | agapatь | agapaš |
| present subjunctive | agapajo | agapajas | agapaja | agapajam | agapajatь | agapajaš | |
| past indicative | agapiaka | agapiakas | agapiač | agapiakam | agapiakatь | agapiakaš | |
| past subjunctive | agapiakajo | agapiakajas | agapiakaja | agapiakajam | agapiakajatь | agapiakajaš | |
| imperative | - | agapaj! | - | - | agapatь! | - | |
| infinitive | agapane | ||||||
| past infinitive | agapiačne | ||||||
| participle | agapawota, agapasa | ||||||
| passive | present indicative | agapame | agapase | agapate | agapanta | agapastь | agapawote |
| present subjunctive | agapawime | agapawise | agapawite | agapawintha | agapawistь | agapawijote | |
| past indicative | agapiethia | agapiethias | agapiethiač | agapiethiam | agapiethiatь | agapiethiaš | |
| past subjunctive | agapiethiejo | agapiethiejas | agapiethieja | agapiethiejam | agapiethiejatь | agapiethiejaš | |
| imperative | - | agapase! | - | - | agapastь! | - | |
| infinitive | agapasthe | ||||||
| past infinitive | agapiethiane | ||||||
| participle | agapamien, agapamnia | ||||||
Weak consonant verbs
ξευρσκειναι šurščine 'to find'
- Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκεις, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ šurška, šurščis, šuršči, šurškom, šurščetь, šurškuš
- Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκης, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ šurščo, šurščas, šuršča, šurščam, šurščatь, šurščaš
- Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκας, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ šuriaka, šuriakas, šurieč, šuriakam, šuriakatь, šuriakaš
- Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊης, ξευρηκαϊη... šuriakajo, šuriakajas, šuriakaja, šuriakajam, šuriakajatь, šuriakajaš
- Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεσαι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται šurškme, šurščese, šurščete, šurškontha, šurščestь, šurškote
- Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοισαι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται šurškime, šurškise, šurškite, šurškintha, šurškistь, šurškijote
- Past pass. ind.: šuriathio, šuriathias, šuriathiač, šuriathiam, šuriathiatь, šuriathiaš
- Past pass. subj.: šuriathiajo, šuriathiajas, šuriathiaja, šuriathiajam, šuriathiajatь, šuriathiajaš
- Active participle: šurškota, šurškusa (m/f)
- Passive participle: šurškomien, šurškomnia (m/f)
Strong verbs
Irregular verbs
ειναι ine 'to be'
- Infinitive: ειναι ine
- Present: ειμ, εις, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ im, is, jest, smie, stie, iš
- 'Negative forms: ουκειμ, ουκεις, ουκεστ, ουξμε, ουξτε, ουκειξ učim, učis, učest, ušmie, uštie, učiš
- Subjunctive: ειω, ειης, ειη, ειημ, ειητι, ειηξ ijo, ijas, ija, ijam, ijatь, ijaš
- Past: ηκα, ηκας, ηκι, ηκαμ, ηκατι, ηκαξ jaka, jakas, jač, jakam, jakatь, jakaš
- Participle: ειωτα, ειουσα ijota, ijusa
Numerals (Αριθμοί Ařthmý)
- 1, ..., 10: šir/míja/šen, žo, třir/tříja, tiésier, piétie, šeš, šépta, ókta, jeniá, diéka
- 11, ..., 19: šédka, žódka, třídka, tiésradka, piétadka, šéšadka, šéptadka, óktadka, jeniádka, íkoř
- 21, ..., 29: íkoř šen, íkoř žo, íkoř tříja, ... íkoř jeniá
- 30, ..., 100: třáta, saróta, pieniéta, šešéta, šeptomiéta, októta, jeniéta, šekató
Syntax (Siotachia)
'To have'
- Jestь na mu mial.
- be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple
- I have an apple.
Conjunctions
- jo = if