Aeranir: Difference between revisions

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Unlike the middle voice, the passive is not used for verbal complements, and it cannot take the agent of a verb as its subject.  It is never used in verbal complements.   
Unlike the middle voice, the passive is not used for verbal complements, and it cannot take the agent of a verb as its subject.  It is never used in verbal complements.   


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''teterur seun tīn iūs.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''teterur seun tīn iūs'''''
| tet -erur se -un tīn -Ø iūs  
| tet-erur se-un tīn-Ø iūs  
|drink -MID.3SG.E this -E.NOM.SG tea -NOM.SG well
|drink-MID.3SG.E this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well
|'This tea tastes good (lit. 'it drinks well').'}}
|'This tea tastes good' (lit. 'it drinks well')}}


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''tetēlārur seun tīn iūs.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''tetēlārur seun tīn iūs'''''
| tet -'''ēlārur''' se -un tīn -Ø iūs  
| tet-'''ēlārur''' se-un tīn-Ø iūs  
|drink -'''PAS.3SG.E''' this -E.NOM.SG tea -NOM.SG well
|drink-'''PAS.3SG.E''' this-E.NOM.SG tea-NOM.SG well
|'This tea is drunk often.'}}
|'This tea is drunk often'}}


While the agent may be dropped in a passive clause, it may also be included, using the [[w:Ablative case|ablative case]].
While the agent may be dropped in a passive clause, it may also be included, using the [[w:Ablative case|ablative case]].


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''praescenduēlāre ūlun cavā īliānā hānun.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''praescenduēlāre ūlun cavā īliānā hānun'''''
| praescend -'''uēlāre''' ūl -un cav -'''ā''' īliān -'''ā''' hān -un  
| praescend-'''uēlāre''' ūl-un cav-'''ā''' īliān-'''ā''' hān-un  
|rebuild -'''PFV.PAS.3SG.E''' yonder -E.NOM.SG Cava -'''ABL.SG''' Ilianus -'''C.ABL.SG''' temple -NOM.SG
|rebuild-'''PFV.PAS.3SG.E''' yonder-E.NOM.SG Cava-'''ABL.SG''' Ilianus-'''C.ABL.SG''' temple-NOM.SG
|'This temple was rebuilt by Cava Iliana.'}}
|'This temple was rebuilt by Cava Iliana'}}


The passive can also be especially with intransitive verbs to form denote an '''unspecified/generic subject'''.  This structure may is used to make general statements or observations.  Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''.
The passive can also be especially with intransitive verbs to form denote an '''unspecified/generic subject'''.  This structure may is used to make general statements or observations.  Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''.


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''miquītur.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''miquītur'''''
| miqu -ītur  
| miqu-ītur  
|die -MID.3PL.T
|die-MID.3PL.T
|'They are dead/dying.'}}
|'They are dead/dying.'}}


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''miquiēlātur.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''miquiēlātur'''''
| miqu -'''iēlātur'''  
| miqu-'''iēlātur'''  
|die -'''PAS.3PL.T'''
|die-'''PAS.3PL.T'''
|'There are people dead/dying.'}}
|'There are people dead/dying'}}


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''mūδerra (sea) ardina inderis alta.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''mūδerra (sea) ardina inderis alta'''''
| mūδ -erra (se -a) ard -ina inder -is alt -a  
| mūδ-erra (se-a) ard-ina inder-is alt-a  
|not.enough -MID.3SG.C (this -C.NOM.SG) wumbo -DAT.PL capital -GEN.SG water -NOM.SG
|not.enough-MID.3SG.C (this-C.NOM.SG) wumbo-DAT.PL capital-GEN.SG water-NOM.SG
|'This is not enough water for the people of the capital.'}}
|'This is not enough water for the people of the capital'}}


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''mūδēlārra ardina inderis alta.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''mūδēlārra ardina inderis alta'''''
| mūδ -'''ēlārra''' ard -ina inder -is alt -a  
| mūδ-'''ēlārra''' ard-ina inder-is alt-a  
|not.enough -'''PAS.3SG.C''' wumbo -DAT.PL capital -GEN.SG water -NOM.SG
|not.enough-'''PAS.3SG.C''' wumbo-DAT.PL capital-GEN.SG water-NOM.SG
|'There is not enough water for the people of the capital.'}}
|'There is not enough water for the people of the capital'}}


Similarly, the passive can be used to form the ''aversive passive'', denoting an undesirable even or outcome.
Similarly, the passive can be used to form the ''aversive passive'', denoting an undesirable even or outcome.


{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta;  | top=''cōmerī requentus furuēlō soperī.''
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta;  | top='''''cōmerī requentus furuēlō soperī'''''
| cōmer -ī requ -ent -us fur -'''uēlō''' soper -ī
| cōmer-ī requ-ent-us fur-'''uēlō''' soper-ī
|home -DAT return -IPFV.PTCP -T.NOM.SG fall -'''PFV.PAS.1SG''' snow -ABL.SG
|home-DAT return-IPFV.PTCP-T.NOM.SG fall-'''PFV.PAS.1SG''' snow-ABL.SG
|'Walking home I got snowed on.'}}
|'Walking home I got snowed on'}}


====Causative====
====Causative====
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