Af Mexee/Verbs: Difference between revisions

 
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#Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs
#Conjugation 3 (A, B, C): ''-ish-'' (causative) verbs
#Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs
#Conjugation 4 (A, B, C): ''-at-'' (middle) verbs
#Conjugation 5 (A, B): ''-p-'' verbs
#Conjugation 5 (A, B): ''-p-'' (inchoative) verbs
*'''Note:''' Affixes can be combined - e.g. ''cunsiismid'' "to be made to eat" (stem: ''cun-siish-am-''). When any derivational affix is added to ''-ish-'' (or derivatives such as ''-siish-''), the ''-sh-'' always becomes ''-s-''. Affixes combine in the order -''oo/aa''- + -''p''- + -''(si)ish''- + -''at/o''- + -''(a)m''-.
*'''Note:''' Affixes can be combined - e.g. ''cunsiismi'' "to be made to eat" (stem: ''cun-siis-(a)m-''), ''maghacaawsami'' "to be caused to name (to one's benefit)" (stem: ''maghac-aap-(i)s-a-(a)m-''). When any derivational suffix is added to ''-ish-'' (or derivatives such as ''-siish-''), the ''-sh-'' always becomes ''-s-''. Affixes generally combine in the order -''oo/aa''- + -''p''- + -''(si)ish''- + -''at/o''- + -''(a)m''-.


====Conjugation 1====
====Conjugation 1====
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====Conjugation 3A====
====Conjugation 3A====
Verbs derived from root verbs with the causisive affix ''-ish-''. The ''sh'' combines with ''t'' and ''n'' to form ''s'' and ''nn'' respectively. e.g. ''karín'' "to cook" (stem: ''kar-ish-'').
Verbs derived from root verbs with the causative affix ''-ish-'' - e.g. ''karín'' "to cook" (stem: ''kar-ish-''). The ''sh'' combines with ''t'' and ''n'' to form ''s'' and ''nn'' respectively.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Class I Conjugation 3A
|+ Class I Conjugation 3A
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| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-isa''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-isó''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-isi''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isi</b>''</center>
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-isa''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-isó''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-isi''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isi</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-ina''</center> || <center>''kar<b>ina</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-inó''</center> || <center>''kar<b>inó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ini''</center> || <center>''kar<b>ini</b>''</center>
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-inna''</center> || <center>''kar<b>inna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-innó''</center> || <center>''kar<b>innó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-inni''</center> || <center>''kar<b>inni</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-isíin''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-isíin''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-iséen''</center> || <center>''kar<b>iséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–ísha/-́sha''</center>||  <center>''kar<b>ísha</b>/kár<b>sha</b>''</center>||<center>''-inína''</center> || <center>''kar<b>inína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-isíin''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-isíin''</center> || <center>''kar<b>isíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-iséen''</center> || <center>''kar<b>iséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–ísha/-́sha''</center>||  <center>''kar<b>ísha</b>/kár<b>sha</b>''</center>||<center>''-inína''</center> || <center>''kar<b>inína</b>''</center>
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| <center>3P</center> || <center>''-(i)sháan''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)sháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)sháan''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)sháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)shéen''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)shéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''-(i)sháan''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)sháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)sháan''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)sháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-(i)shéen''</center> || <center>''kar<b>(i)shéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
|}
|}


====Conjugation 3B====
====Conjugation 3B====
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!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
|-
|-
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''-siisha''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-siinín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''gaar<b>siiinín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''-siisha''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-siinín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''gaar<b>siinín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
|-
|-
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''-siisa''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisó''</center> ||  <center>''gaar<b>siisó</b>''</center>||<center>''-siisi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisi</b>''</center>|| <center>''–síish''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>síish</b>''</center>|| <center>''–síinin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>síinin</b>''</center>
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''-siisa''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisó''</center> ||  <center>''gaar<b>siisó</b>''</center>||<center>''-siisi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisi</b>''</center>|| <center>''–síish''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>síish</b>''</center>|| <center>''–síinin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siínin</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-siisha''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-siisha''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siishi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siishi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
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| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-siisa''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisi</b>''</center>
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-siisa''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siisi''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisi</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-siina''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siina</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-siinó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siini''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siini</b>''</center>
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-siinna''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-siinnó''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinnó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siinni''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinni</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-siisíin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-siisíin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siiséen''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siiséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–siísha''</center>||  <center>''gaar<b>siísha</b>''</center>||<center>''-siinína''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-siisíin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-siisíin''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siisíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-siiséen''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siiséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–siísha''</center>||  <center>''gaar<b>siísha</b>''</center>||<center>''-siinína''</center> || <center>''gaar<b>siinína</b>''</center>
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====Conjugation 3C====
====Conjugation 3C====
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives with the causative affix ''-aash-'' (from ''-aa- + -(i)sh-''). e.g. ''bishaayn'' "to water, pour water (in/on)".
Verbs derived from nouns/adjectives with the causative affix ''-aaysh-'' (from ''-aa- + -(i)sh-''). e.g. ''bishaayn'' "to water, pour water (in/on)".
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Class I Conjugation 3C
|+ Class I Conjugation 3C
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! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aaýn''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''bish<b>aaýn</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aaýn''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''bish<b>aaýn</b>''</span></center>
|-
|-
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aás'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''bish<b>aás</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aaýs'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''bish<b>aaýs</b>''</span></center>
|-
|-
!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
|-
|-
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''-aasha''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-aaynín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''bish<b>aaynín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''-aaysha''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayshó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayshó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayshi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayshi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''-aaynín''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''bish<b>aaynín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
|-
|-
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''-aasa''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasó''</center> ||  <center>''bish<b>aasó</b>''</center>||<center>''-aasi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasi</b>''</center>|| <center>''ˊ–aash''</center> || <center>''bish<b>áash</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aaýnin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaýnin</b>''</center>
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''-aaysa''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaysó''</center> ||  <center>''bish<b>aaysó</b>''</center>||<center>''-aaysi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysi</b>''</center>|| <center>''ˊ–aaysh''</center> || <center>''bish<b>áash</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aaýnin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaýnin</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-aasha''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''-aaysha''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysha</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayshó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayshó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayshi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayshi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
|-
|-
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-aasa''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasi</b>''</center>
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-aaysa''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysa</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaysó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaysi''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysi</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-aayna''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-aaynó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaynó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayni''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayni</b>''</center>
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-aaynna''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaynna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-aaynnó''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaynnó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaynni''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaynni</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-aasíin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-aasíin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaséen''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aásha''</center>||  <center>''bish<b>aásha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aaynína''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaynína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-aaysíin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-aaysíin''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayséen''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayséen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aaýsha''</center>||  <center>''bish<b>aaýsha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aaynína''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaynína</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''-aasháan''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aasháan''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aasháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aashéen''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aashéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''-aaysháan''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaysháan''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aaysháan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayshéen''</center> || <center>''bish<b>aayshéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
|}
|}


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| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-oota''</center> || <center>''car<b>oota</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ootó''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ooti''</center> || <center>''car<b>ooti</b>''</center>
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''-oota''</center> || <center>''car<b>oota</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ootó''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ooti''</center> || <center>''car<b>ooti</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-oona''</center> || <center>''car<b>oona</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-oonó''</center> || <center>''car<b>oonó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ooni''</center> || <center>''car<b>ooni</b>''</center>
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''-oonna''</center> || <center>''car<b>oonna</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-oonnó''</center> || <center>''car<b>oonnó</b>''</center>|| <center>''-oonni''</center> || <center>''car<b>oonni</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-ootíin''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-ootíin''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ootéen''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–oótha''</center>||  <center>''car<b>oótha</b>''</center>||<center>''-oonína''</center> || <center>''car<b>oonína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''-ootíin''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-ootíin''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-ootéen''</center> || <center>''car<b>ootéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–oótha''</center>||  <center>''car<b>oótha</b>''</center>||<center>''-oonína''</center> || <center>''car<b>oonína</b>''</center>
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===Class II: Prefix Conjugation===
===Class II: Prefix Conjugation===
The prefix conjugation is a small, closed class of verbs that conjugate by means of prefixes and vowel changes. It includes the verbs ''aqoon'' "to know", ''ool'' "to be available", ''oran'' "to say/tell", and ''iman'' "to come". They have various forms due to analogy with each other and the suffix conjugation.
The prefix conjugation is a small, closed class of verbs that conjugate by means of prefixes and vowel changes. It includes the verbs ''aqoon'' "to know", ''ool'' "to be available", ''oran'' "to say/tell", and ''iman'' "to come". They have various forms due to analogy with each other and the suffix conjugation. The tables below show oossible two paradigms for each verb.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|+ Class II: ''aqoón''
|+ Class II: ''aqoón''
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqoón''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqáani''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqoón''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqaán<b>i</b>''</span></center>
|-
|-
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqoon<b>shó</b>'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqaan<b>íd</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqoon<b>shó</b>'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''aqaan<b>íd</b>''</span></center>
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!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
|-
|-
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''aqaan''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''aqáan''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''aqiin''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''aqíin''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''aqaan<b>ín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''aqaan''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''aqaán''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''aqiin''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''aqíin''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''aqaan<b>ín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
|-
|-
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''taqaan''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqáan''</center> ||  <center>''taqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>||<center>''taqiin''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqíin''</center> || <center>''aqóon''</center> || <center>''aqáan''</center>|| <center>''aqíin''</center> || <center>''aqáan<b>in</b>''</center>
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''taqaan''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqaán''</center> ||  <center>''taqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>||<center>''taqiin''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqíin''</center> || <center>''aqóon''</center> || <center>''aqáan''</center>|| <center>''aqíin''</center> || <center>''aqáan<b>in</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yaqaan''</center> || <center>''yaqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''yaqáan''</center> || <center>''yaqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''yaqiin''</center> || <center>''yaqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''yaqíin''</center> || colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yaqaan''</center> || <center>''yaqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''yaqaán''</center> || <center>''yaqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''yaqiin''</center> || <center>''yaqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''yaqíin''</center> || colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
|-
|-
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''taqaan''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqáan''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqiin''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqíin''</center>  
| <center>3SF</center> || <center>''taqaan''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqaán''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqiin''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqíin''</center>  
|-
|-
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''naqaan''</center> || <center>''naqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center> ''naqáan''</center> || <center>''naqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''naqiin''</center> || <center>''naqiin<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''naqíin''</center>  
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''naqaan''</center> || <center>''naqaan<b>a</b>''</center>|| <center> ''naqaán''</center> || <center>''naqaan<b>ó</b>''</center>|| <center>''naqiin''</center> || <center>''naqiin<b>i</b>''</center>|| <center>''naqíin''</center>  
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> || colspan="2"| <center>''taqaan<b>íin</b>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''taqaan<b>íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqiin<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>éen</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqiin<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''aqoóna''</center>||  <center>''aqáan<b>a</b>''</center>||<center>''aqoon<b>ína</b>''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>ína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> || colspan="2"| <center>''taqaan<b>íin</b>''</center> || colspan="2" | <center>''taqaan<b>íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqiin<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''taqaan<b>éen</b>''</center>|| <center>''taqiin<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''aqoóna''</center>||  <center>''aqáan<b>a</b>''</center>||<center>''aqoon<b>ína</b>''</center> || <center>''aqaan<b>ína</b>''</center>
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|-
|-
|+ Class II: ''orán''
|+ Class II: ''orán''
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''or<b>án</b>''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ir<b>áan</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''or<b>án</b>''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ir<b>aán</b>''</span></center>
|-
|-
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ora<b>shó</b>'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ir<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ora<b>shó</b>'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ir<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
Line 366: Line 365:
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''ar<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''ir<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''or<b>anín</b>''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''ir<b>aanín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''ar<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''ir<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''or<b>anín</b>''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''ir<b>aanín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
|-
|-
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''tar<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''tir<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>tó</b>''</center> ||  <center>''tir<b>aathó</b>''</center>||<center>''tir<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''tir<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>oów</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ánin</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>áanin</b>''</center>
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''tar<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''tir<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>tó</b>''</center> ||  <center>''tir<b>aathó</b>''</center>||<center>''tir<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''tir<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b></b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ánin</b>''</center> || <center>''ir<b>aánin</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yar<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''yir<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''yir<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''yir<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''yir<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yar<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''yir<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''or<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''yir<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''yir<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''yir<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
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|-
|-
|+ Class II: ''imán''
|+ Class II: ''imán''
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''im<b>án</b>''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''im<b>áan</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''im<b>án</b>''</span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''im<b>aán</b>''</span></center>
|-
|-
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ima<b>shó</b>'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''im<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''ima<b>shó</b>'' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''im<b>aashó</b>''</span></center>
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| <center>1S</center> || <center>''im<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''im<b>anín</b>''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''im<b>aanín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
| <center>1S</center> || <center>''im<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>''im<b>anín</b>''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''im<b>aanín</b>''</center>|| colspan="4"  style="background: gray" |
|-
|-
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''tim<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''tim<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''tim<b>ó</b>''</center> ||  <center>''tim<b>aathó</b>''</center>||<center>''tim<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''tim<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>oów</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>ánin</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>áanin</b>''</center>
| <center>2S</center> || <center>''tim<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''tim<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''tim<b>ó</b>''</center> ||  <center>''tim<b>aathó</b>''</center>||<center>''tim<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''tim<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b></b>''</center>|| <center>''im<b>ánin</b>''</center> || <center>''im<b>aánin</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yim<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''yim<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''yim<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''yim<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''yim<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''yim<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
| <center>3SM</center> || <center>''yim<b>a</b>''</center> || <center>''yim<b>aatha</b>''</center>|| <center>''yim<b>ó</b>''</center> || <center>''yim<b>aathó</b>''</center>|| <center>''yim<b>i</b>''</center> || <center>''yim<b>aathi</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
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| <center>1P</center> || <center>''eé<b>na</b>''</center> ||  <center>''níh<b>in</b>''</center>||<center>''nih<b>ín</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayni</b>''</center>  
| <center>1P</center> || <center>''eé<b>na</b>''</center> ||  <center>''níh<b>in</b>''</center>||<center>''nih<b>ín</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayni</b>''</center>  
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''eé<b>thíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''tih<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center> || <center>''tih<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>||<center>''ah<b>aaytéen</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aátha</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> || <center>''eé<b>thíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''tíh<b>ithíin</b>''</center> || <center>''tih<b>ithíin</b>''</center>||<center>''ah<b>aaytéen</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aátha</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aanína</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''eé<b>yíin</b>''</center>||<center>''ah<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''ah<b>áan</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayéen</b>''</center> || colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
| <center>3P</center> || <center>''eé<b>yíin</b>''</center>||<center>''yíh<b>íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''yih<b>íin</b>''</center> || <center>''ah<b>aayéen</b>''</center> || colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background: gray" |  
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Class III: cas
|+ Class III: ''cas''
|-
|-
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aán''</span></center> || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''cas<b>aán</b>''</span></center>
! colspan="5" | Infinitive || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''-aán''</span></center> || colspan="5" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''cas<b>aán</b>''</span></center>
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| <center>1P</center> ||  <center>''-́na''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>na</b>''</center> || <center>''-́in''</center> || <center>''cás<b>in</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-ín''</center> || <center>''cas<b>ín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayni''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayni</b>''</center>
| <center>1P</center> ||  <center>''-́na''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>na</b>''</center> || <center>''-́in''</center> || <center>''cás<b>in</b>''</center>|| <center> ''-ín''</center> || <center>''cas<b>ín</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayni''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayni</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>2P</center> ||  <center>''-́tíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>tíin</b>''</center> || <center>''-́(ith)íin''</center> || <center>''cás<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-(ith)íin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>(ith)íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaytéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aaytéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aátha''</center>||  <center>''cas<b>aátha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aanína</b>''</center>
| <center>2P</center> ||  <center>''-́tíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>tíin</b>''</center> || <center>''-́ithíin''</center> || <center>''cás<b>ithíin</b>''</center>||<center> ''-ithíin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>ithíin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aaytéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aaytéen</b>''</center>|| <center>''–aátha''</center>||  <center>''cas<b>aátha</b>''</center>||<center>''-aanína''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aanína</b>''</center>
|-
|-
| <center>3P</center> ||  <center>''-́yíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>yíin</b>''</center>  || <center>''-́áan''</center> || <center>''cás<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-áan''</center> || <center>''cas<b>áan</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
| <center>3P</center> ||  <center>''-́yíin''</center>||  <center>''cás<b>yíin</b>''</center>  || <center>''-́íin''</center> || <center>''cás<b>íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-íin''</center> || <center>''cas<b>íin</b>''</center>|| <center>''-aayéen''</center> || <center>''cas<b>aayéen</b>''</center>|| colspan="4" style="background: gray" |
|}
|}


==Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Voice==
==Tense, Aspect, Mood, and Voice==
'''Notes:'''  
'''Notes:'''  
*Impersonal passive (with ''la'') is used as the regular passive as well as pseudo-passive.
*Impersonal passive (with ''la'') is used as the regular passive as well as pseudo-passive - e.g. ''la i arki'' "I was seen", ''la jiifa'' "(someone) is sleeping".
*Subjunctive forms can be used adjectivally. In this usage, gender and number marking is optional (hence why adjectives need not be marked for plurality).
*Subjunctive forms can be used adjectivally. In this usage, gender and number marking is optional (hence why adjectives need not be marked for plurality).
===Simple Forms===
===Simple Forms===
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**Affirmative: "Past Affirmative" with final high tone - e.g. ''nin taghí'' "a man who went"
**Affirmative: "Past Affirmative" with final high tone - e.g. ''nin taghí'' "a man who went"
**Negative: (''an'') + "Past Negative" - e.g. ''nin an taghín'' "a man who did not go" (note that this is identical to the present equivalent; for d=isambiguation, a compound form may be used instead)
**Negative: (''an'') + "Past Negative" - e.g. ''nin an taghín'' "a man who did not go" (note that this is identical to the present equivalent; for d=isambiguation, a compound form may be used instead)
====Jussive====
====Jussive====
*Affirmative:
*Affirmative:
**First and second person: Clitic subject + "Present Subjunctive" with penultimate high tone - e.g. ''an tágno'' "let us go"
**First and second person: Clitic subject + "Present Subjunctive" with penultimate high tone - e.g. ''an tágno'' "let us go"
***In the second person plural, ''-tiin'' may be replaced by ''-teen''.
***In the second person plural, ''-tíin'' may be replaced by ''-téen''.
**Third person: ''há'' + "Present Subjunctive" - e.g. ''há taghó'' "let him go"
**Third person: ''há'' + "Present Subjunctive" - e.g. ''há taghó'' "let him go"
***In the plural, the ending ''-aán'' can be ''-eén'' instead.
***In the plural, the ending ''-áan'' can be ''-éen'' instead.
*Negative:
*Negative:
**''yáa'' + "2S Imperative Negative" - e.g. ''yóosan tághin'' "let him not go"
**''yáa'' + "2S Imperative Negative" - e.g. ''yóosan tághin'' "let him not go"
====Imperative====
====Imperative====
*Only occurs in the second person.
*Only occurs in the second person.
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**Stative verbs have distinct past and present forms - e.g ''us arke'' "he must/may see", ''us arkaaye'' "he must/may have seen"-->
**Stative verbs have distinct past and present forms - e.g ''us arke'' "he must/may see", ''us arkaaye'' "he must/may have seen"-->
====Potential====
====Potential====
*Used for an action/state that might occur in the future. It is optionally preceded or followed by the assumptive particle ''shoẃ''.
*Used for an action/state that might occur in the future. It is optionally preceded or followed by the assumptive particle ''shów''.
**Classes I & II: Past affirmative with ''-i'' replaced by ''-e'' - e.g. ''(shoẃ) us taghe'' / ''us taghi shoẃ'' "he might go"
**Classes I & II: Past affirmative with ''-i'' replaced by ''-e'' - e.g. ''(shów) us taghe'' / ''us taghi shów'' "he might go"
**Class III: Identical to the corresponding Conjugation 4B form - e.g. ''us ahaathe'' "he might become"
**Class III: Identical to the corresponding Conjugation 4B form - e.g. ''us ahaathe'' "he might become"
====Assumptive====
====Assumptive====
*Used for an action/state that is assumed to have probably occurred in the past. It is equivalent to the simple past preceded or followed by the assumptive particle ''shoẃ''.
*Used for an action/state that is assumed to have probably occurred in the past. It is equivalent to the simple past preceded or followed by the assumptive particle ''shów''.
:e.g. ''shoẃ us taghi'' / ''us taghi shoẃ'' "he must have gone"
:e.g. ''shów us taghi'' / ''us taghi shów'' "he must have gone"


===Compound Forms===
===Compound Forms===
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====Conditional====
====Conditional====
*Formed from: Infinitive + Past tense of ''leh'' "having/owning" - e.g. ''us tághi lahaay'' "he would go", ''máwsan tághi lahaáyn'' "he would not go"
*Formed from: Infinitive + Past tense of ''leh'' "having/owning" - e.g. ''us tághi lahaay'' "he would go", ''máwsan tághi lahaaýn'' "he would not go"


====Present Habitual====
====Present Habitual====
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**In the simple present indicative, it indicates habituality (i.e. "regularly fails to").
**In the simple present indicative, it indicates habituality (i.e. "regularly fails to").
**In the subjunctive, it can be used instead of the simple negative subjunctive. e.g. ''hadíi us tághi waayó'' "if he does not go", ''ninki tághi waayí'' "the man who did not go"
**In the subjunctive, it can be used instead of the simple negative subjunctive. e.g. ''hadíi us tághi waayó'' "if he does not go", ''ninki tághi waayí'' "the man who did not go"
*<i>la'</i> "to lack" (present) → "to fail to" - e.g. <i>us tághi lá'yaha</i> "he is failing to go"
*<i>la'</i> "to lack" (present) → "to fail to" - e.g. <i>us tághi lá'ya</i> "he is failing to go"
**This is used for an ongoing action (i.e. "is failing to").
**This is used for an ongoing action (i.e. "is failing to").
*''qapi'' "to have" (present, past) → "to have to" - e.g. ''us tághi qapa'' "he has to go"
*''qapi'' "to have" (present, past) → "to have to" - e.g. ''us tághi qapa'' "he has to go"
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[[Category:Af Mexee]]
[[Category:Af Mexee]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Afroasiatic languages]]
[[Category:Cushitic languages]]
[[Category:Cushitic languages]]
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