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Anbirese: Difference between revisions
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'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''n gaz Anbirjeong'' /ən gǎz ànbirjəŋ/ [ànbírjəŋ]) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Sino-Korean, Swedish, and Welsh. compared to its relatives [[Skellan]] and [[Ciètian]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''n | '''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''n gaz Anbirjeong'' /ən gǎz ànbirjəŋ/ [ànbírjəŋ]) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Sino-Korean, Swedish, and Welsh. compared to its relatives [[Skellan]] and [[Ciètian]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''n Smo'' /ən smo/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman countries [[Verse:Tricin/Anbir|Anbir]] and [[Verse:Tricin/Musun|Musun]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects. | ||
Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages in the Bitaletan world. | Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages in the Bitaletan world. | ||
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==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
*ot, od > vat, | *ot, od > vat, vada | ||
*Numbers: kjam, tjeodeor, nask, | *Numbers: kjam, tjeodeor, nask, tyb, solj, stam, rvaz, laz, paerp, ngjor, jachim, knae | ||
*scaimh 'mountain' > skeγ | *scaimh 'mountain' > skeγ | ||
*obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k) | *obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k) | ||
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Verbs are conservative and similar to [[Ciètian]], with synthetic forms instead of analytic constructions as in [[Skellan]]. | Verbs are conservative and similar to [[Ciètian]], with synthetic forms instead of analytic constructions as in [[Skellan]]. | ||
====Finite verb inflection==== | ====Finite verb inflection==== | ||
Anbirese | All forms of an Anbirese verb are formed from four principal parts: | ||
*Present tense: ''-ig'', negative ''θri'' + IMPERATIVE | |||
#the present absolute stem | |||
#the imperative stem | |||
#the past stem | |||
#the bare infinitive stem | |||
The forms of an Anbirese verb are the following: | |||
*Present tense: PRESENT + ''-ig'', negative ''θri'' + IMPERATIVE | |||
*Subjunctive (after preverbs): also IMPERATIVE | |||
*Future tense: ''aeb'' + IMPERATIVE | *Future tense: ''aeb'' + IMPERATIVE | ||
*Past tense: | *Past tense: PAST + ''-in''; induces split-ergativity | ||
*Imperative: IMPERATIVE | |||
*''-eod'' infinitive: PRESENT + -eod | |||
*bare infinitive: INFINITIVE | |||
There is no aspect distinction. | There is no aspect distinction. | ||
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**with ''ok'' 'from', indicates stopping, avoiding, or preventing from VERBing | **with ''ok'' 'from', indicates stopping, avoiding, or preventing from VERBing | ||
**with ''ast'' 'without', indicates "without VERBing" [Dialects may use the ''-a'' infinitive] | **with ''ast'' 'without', indicates "without VERBing" [Dialects may use the ''-a'' infinitive] | ||
*The | *The bare infinitive is mainly used to construct deranked time clauses (like the Biblical Hebrew bi- + infinite construct), and also | ||
**with ''djeo'' 'in', indicates "while the action is taking place" or, when possessed, "while POSSESSOR is VERBing" | **with ''djeo'' 'in', indicates "while the action is taking place" or, when possessed, "while POSSESSOR is VERBing" | ||
**with ''eor'' 'on', indicates "upon/as soon as the action is taking place" or, when possessed, "upon the POSSESSOR's VERBing" | **with ''eor'' 'on', indicates "upon/as soon as the action is taking place" or, when possessed, "upon the POSSESSOR's VERBing" | ||
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***''ljeo'' + SUBJECT + ''seo/s'' + VERB-''a'' | ***''ljeo'' + SUBJECT + ''seo/s'' + VERB-''a'' | ||
***''ljeo'' + VERB + SUBJECT (possessed verbal noun) | ***''ljeo'' + VERB + SUBJECT (possessed verbal noun) | ||
**It is also used to form the [[Anbirese/Syntax#Infinitive_absolute|infinitive absolute]]. | |||
====Split-ergativity==== | ====Split-ergativity==== | ||
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**''djeo-na, (djeo-s,) dj-u, d-i, dj-eoz, dj-am, djeof, djeok, djur'' | **''djeo-na, (djeo-s,) dj-u, d-i, dj-eoz, dj-am, djeof, djeok, djur'' | ||
*''rjeo ljeo'' = of | *''rjeo ljeo'' = of | ||
**''rjeo ljeona, rjeo ljeos, rjeo lju, rjeo li, rjeo ljeoz, rjeo ljam, rjeo ljeof, rjeo ljeok, rjeo ljur'' | **''rjeo ljeona, (rjeo ljeos), rjeo lju, rjeo li, rjeo ljeoz, rjeo ljam, rjeo ljeof, rjeo ljeok, rjeo ljur'' | ||
*''nae'' = with (inst.) | *''nae'' = with (inst.) | ||
**''naemna, (naebeos), naebu, naebi, naebeoz, naebam, naebeof, naebeok, naebur'' | **''naemna, (naebeos), naebu, naebi, naebeoz, naebam, naebeof, naebeok, naebur'' | ||
*ae = to, for (ae + eo/n > aen) | *ae = to, for (ae + eo/n > aen) | ||
**''aemna, (aebeos), aebu, aebi, aebeoz, aebam, aebeof, aebeok, aebur'' | **''aemna, (aebeos), aebu, aebi, aebeoz, aebam, aebeof, aebeok, aebur'' | ||
*'' | *''ljang'' = around, about | ||
**'' | **''ljangna, (ljangeos), ljangu, ljangi, ljangeoz, ljangam, ljangeof, ljangeok, ljangur'' | ||
*''eor'' = at | *''eor'' = at | ||
**''eorna, eoreos, | **''eorna, (eoreos), oru, eri, eoreoz, eoram, eoreof, eoreok, eorur'' | ||
*''hjel'' = like | *''hjel'' = like | ||
**''hjelna, hjeleos, hjelu, hjeli, hjeleoz, hjelam, hjeleof, hjeleok, hjerur'' | **''hjelna, hjeleos, hjelu, hjeli, hjeleoz, hjelam, hjeleof, hjeleok, hjerur'' | ||
*''θri'' = with (comitative) | *''θri'' = with (comitative) | ||
*''eor oed'' = against | |||
===Conjunctions=== | ===Conjunctions=== | ||
*''eok'' = and | *''eok'' = and | ||
*''nu'' = xor | *''nu'' = xor | ||
===Numerals=== | |||
====Cardinal==== | |||
1-10 = χjam, θjeodeor, nask, tob, solj, stang, rvaz, laz, paerp, ngjor | |||
11, 12, ... = jagjeong, χnae, nask ljang ngjor, tob ljang ngjor, etc. | |||
====Ordinal==== | |||
χjameor, rjebjeor, naskeor, tobeor, soljeor, stangeor, rvazeor, lazeor, paerpeor, ngjoreor, jagjeor, χnaeëor, nask ljang ngjor-eor, etc. | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
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:'''''N jangθal mokstin: Djeon hslakeort farsngoein eo tartsor. Θoglaïn un san mje lib χár ngvad eok sjeong e eor fjen djeon dtaki sjeot ntoreuk nknjet.''''' | :'''''N jangθal mokstin: Djeon hslakeort farsngoein eo tartsor. Θoglaïn un san mje lib χár ngvad eok sjeong e eor fjen djeon dtaki sjeot ntoreuk nknjet.''''' | ||
:/n‿jaŋtʰal mokst⁼in | dʑən hʟak⁼ərt farsŋœin ə t⁼arts⁼ur | tʰuglain ün zan mje ʟib kʰar ur ək ɧɔŋ e əɾ fjen dʑən datɕ⁼i ɧət noɾük ŋnjet/ | :/n‿jaŋtʰal mokst⁼in | dʑən hʟak⁼ərt farsŋœin ə t⁼arts⁼ur | tʰuglain ün zan mje ʟib kʰar ur ək ɧɔŋ e əɾ fjen dʑən datɕ⁼i ɧət noɾük ŋnjet/ | ||
:the story so_far: in-DEF beginning create-PST DEF universe. anger-PAST ERG-DEF thing very | :the story so_far: in-DEF beginning create-PST DEF universe. anger-PAST ERG-DEF thing this very person/PL many and meet/PST it at eye/PL in-DEF wideness as turn bad. | ||
:''The story so far: In the beginning the universe was created. This has made many people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.'' | :''The story so far: In the beginning the universe was created. This has made many people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.'' | ||