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Anbirese: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Anbirese has about 33 consonants: | |||
*/k g x ŋ/ | */k g x ŋ/ | ||
*/tɕ d͡ʑ tɕʰ ɲ/ | */tɕ d͡ʑ tɕʰ ɲ/ | ||
*/t d tʰ z n/ | */t d tʰ z (ʑ) n/ | ||
*/p b f v m/ | */p b f v m/ | ||
*/ | */pʲ bʲ fʲ vʲ mʲ/ | ||
*/s ɕ ɧ h/ | */s ɕ ɧ h/ | ||
*/ | */ɾ ɾʲ ɹ j ɴ̆ w/ | ||
Anbirese has phonetic palatalization, indicated by writing ''Cj''. Anbirese makes a distinction between palatalized consonants (written ''Cj'') and iotated consonants (written ''Clj''): e.g. ''mjeg'' / | Anbirese has phonetic palatalization, indicated by writing ''Cj''. Anbirese makes a distinction between palatalized consonants (written ''Cj'') and iotated consonants (written ''Clj''): e.g. ''mjeg'' /mʲeg/ = to cover; ''mljeg'' /mjeg/ = to sell. | ||
===Notation=== | ===Notation=== | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
''' | Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/. | ||
''eo'' is /ə/ when unstressed. | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''u''' /ü/ | |||
| '''eu''' [ɨ] | |||
| '''o''' /o~u/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| '''e''' /e~ɛ/ | |||
| '''oe''' /ø~œ/ | |||
| '''eo''' [ə] | |||
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a''' /ɐ/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
'''eo''' is /ə/ when unstressed. | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
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*Comparative: ''θjangeoban'''teo''''' = more interesting | *Comparative: ''θjangeoban'''teo''''' = more interesting | ||
*Superlative: ''θjangeoban''' | *Superlative: ''θjangeoban'''eob''''' = most interesting | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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**with ''nae'' 'by', indicates that the verb's action serves a reason or purpose clause: "by VERBing" or "because of VERBing" | **with ''nae'' 'by', indicates that the verb's action serves a reason or purpose clause: "by VERBing" or "because of VERBing" | ||
**with ''ok'' 'from', indicates being "beyond VERBing, or preventing from VERBing", or when possessed, "beyond the POSSESSOR's VERBing" | **with ''ok'' 'from', indicates being "beyond VERBing, or preventing from VERBing", or when possessed, "beyond the POSSESSOR's VERBing" | ||
***''Lae mi kai ok neo soela djeo | ***''Lae mi kai ok neo soela djeo doreuk χjang.'' (be.PRES this much from my do.VN in try one) = This is too much for me to do all at once. | ||
**with the accusative marker ''ljeo'', indicates a complement clause. There are two possible syntaxes for the ''ljeo''-complement clause: | **with the accusative marker ''ljeo'', indicates a complement clause. There are two possible syntaxes for the ''ljeo''-complement clause: | ||
***''ljeo'' + SUBJECT + ''seo/s'' + VERB-''a'' | ***''ljeo'' + SUBJECT + ''seo/s'' + VERB-''a'' | ||
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===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
====Cardinal==== | ====Cardinal==== | ||
1-10 = | 1-10 = χjang, θjeodeor, nask, tob, solj, stang, rvaz, laz, paerp, ngjor | ||
11, 12, ... = jagjeong, χnae, nask ljang ngjor, tob ljang ngjor, etc. | 11, 12, ... = jagjeong, χnae, nask ljang ngjor, tob ljang ngjor, etc. | ||
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==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
===From H2G2=== | ===From H2G2=== | ||
:'''''N jangθal mokstin: Djeon hslakeort farsngoein eo tartsor. Θoglaïn un san mje lib | :'''''N jangθal mokstin: Djeon hslakeort farsngoein eo tartsor. Θoglaïn un san mje lib eom ngvad eok sjeong e eor fjen djeon dtaki sjeot ntoreuk nknjet.''''' | ||
:/n‿jaŋtʰal mokst⁼in | dʑən hʟak⁼ərt farsŋœin ə t⁼arts⁼ur | tʰuglain ün zan mje ʟib | :/n‿jaŋtʰal mokst⁼in | dʑən hʟak⁼ərt farsŋœin ə t⁼arts⁼ur | tʰuglain ün zan mje ʟib ɔm ŋwad ək ɧɔŋ e əɾ fjen dʑən datɕ⁼i ɧət nuɾük ŋnjet/ | ||
:the story so_far: in-DEF beginning create-PST DEF universe. anger-PAST ERG-DEF thing this very person/PL many and meet/PST it at eye/PL in-DEF wideness as turn bad. | :the story so_far: in-DEF beginning create-PST DEF universe. anger-PAST ERG-DEF thing this very person/PL many and meet/PST it at eye/PL in-DEF wideness as turn bad. | ||
:''The story so far: In the beginning the universe was created. This has made many people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.'' | :''The story so far: In the beginning the universe was created. This has made many people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.'' | ||
===UDHR=== | ===UDHR=== | ||
:'''''Darkjeorig ba | :'''''Darkjeorig ba h-eom djeo hsjeok eok blje naen fraeχleod eok naen méorjeond. Oskjeonin har naen masrin eok naen stvarnga, eok pjeozjeo eorur djeo skrateon djeo ljesvar n jezeokleon a heosrag.''''' | ||
:/daɾtɕəɾig ba hɔm dʑə ɧɔk ək bje nen fɾexləd ək nen mɔɾʲənd. uɕtɕənin har nen masɾin ək nen stwaɾŋa, ək pʲɔɹə ɔɾüɾ dʑə skɾatən dʑə jeswaɾ njezəkʟən a hɔsɾag/ | |||
:be_born-PRES all human PRED free and same INST-DEF dignity and INST-DEF right/PL. endow-PAST 3PL INST-DEF reason and INST-DEF conscience, and part on-3PL ADV mutual in spirit DEF brotherhood A act. | :be_born-PRES all human PRED free and same INST-DEF dignity and INST-DEF right/PL. endow-PAST 3PL INST-DEF reason and INST-DEF conscience, and part on-3PL ADV mutual in spirit DEF brotherhood A act. | ||
:''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' | :''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' | ||
[[Category:Tricin]] | [[Category:Tricin]] | ||