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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = Old Anrish | | name = Old Anrish | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = en thomma n-Annoroch<br>{{Rune|᛬ᛁᚾ·ᛏᚮᛘᛘᚭ·ᚾ·ᚭᚾᚾᚢᚱᚳᚼ᛬}} | ||
| pronunciation = {{IPA|/ | | pronunciation = {{IPA|/ɛn ˈθomːã ˈnanːəˌrɔx}} | ||
| familycolor = Indo-European | | familycolor = Indo-European | ||
| nation = [[Verse:Annoroíed|Anrish Islands]] | | nation = [[Verse:Annoroíed|Anrish Islands]] | ||
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| iso3 = qrz | | iso3 = qrz | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Old Anrish''' ( | '''Old Anrish''' (en thomma n-Annoroch, ''Runic:''{{Rune|᛬ᛁᚾ·ᛏᚮᛘᛘᚭ·ᚾ·ᚭᚾᚾᚢᚱᚳᚼ᛬}}) is a Germanic language created by [[User:Ceolsige18|Aireadna Emmrais]] to be a medieval language spoken by the inhabitants of the [[Verse:Annoroíed|Anrish Islands]] (ed Annoroíed, ''Runic:''{{Rune|᛬ᛁᚦ·ᚭᚾᚾᚢᚱᚳᛁᚦ᛬}}), an archipelago emerging from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockall_Basin Rockall Plateau]. | ||
The language, while ultimately [[:w:Germanic languages|Germanic]], has been influenced by [[:w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]] during an extended period of contact as the Anrish people migrated from the Gallo-Germanic confederation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgae Balgae] to south Britain and later fled to Ireland at the wake of the Roman conquest. Many characteristic features of Brittonic and [[:w:Goidelic languages|Goidelic]] languages were shared with the Old Anrish language. | The language, while ultimately [[:w:Germanic languages|Germanic]], has been influenced by [[:w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]] during an extended period of contact as the Anrish people migrated from the Gallo-Germanic confederation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgae Balgae] to south Britain and later fled to Ireland at the wake of the Roman conquest. Many characteristic features of Brittonic and [[:w:Goidelic languages|Goidelic]] languages were shared with the Old Anrish language. | ||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
The name "Anrish" is derived simply from a combination of the Anrish endonym [[Contionary:Annor#Anrish|Annor]] + -ish in English. Similarly, Annoroíed is derived from a compound in Anrish of [[Contionary:Annor#Anrish|Annor]] + [[Contionary: | The name "Anrish" is derived simply from a combination of the Anrish endonym [[Contionary:Annor#Anrish|Annor]] + -ish in English. Similarly, Annoroíed is derived from a compound in Anrish of [[Contionary:Annor#Anrish|Annor]] + [[Contionary:óe#Anrish|oíed]], translating to "the Anrish islands". | ||
==History== | |||
Old Anrish was affected by a series of phonological changes that radically altered its appearance compared with Proto-Germanic and older Germanic languages. A list of the most important changes is (in approximate order): | |||
*wu> *ū. This must have been a feature of the Proto-Germanic dialect of the Anrish people before influences from Brittonic, where *ū> ī, and also precedes *kw> p (*kwuruz> *kūrj-> cír, not **puir) | |||
*ē<sub>2</sub>,*ī,*ū> ī (*ē<sub>2</sub>hiraz> ígir - maple; *ītraz> íthor - exquisite, precious; *ūdarą> ídra - udder) | |||
Monophthongization of PG diphthongs: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Diphthong !! turns into: !! merges with: | |||
|- | |||
| *ai || ǣ || *ē<sub>1</sub> | |||
|- | |||
| *au || ọ̄ || *ā | |||
|- | |||
| *eu || ō|| *ō | |||
|- | |||
| *iu, *ōi|| ȳ|| - | |||
|- | |||
| *ōu|| ū|| - | |||
|} | |||
Nasal vowels merge: | |||
internally word-final | |||
*ą, *am, *an> a ã | |||
*ǭ, *ô, *ǫ̂> - | |||
*aNF, *ōm, *ōn> ā - | |||
*iNF> ē - | |||
*į̄> - ẽ | |||
*uNF> ī - | |||
*ų, *um, *un> - ũ | |||
Labiovelars become bilabials: | |||
*kw> p (*kwikwaz> peph - quick; *kwrammaz> pramm - damp); | |||
*ngw> mb (*tungwǭ> tomma - tongue; *slangwijō> laimm - sling); | |||
though *hw & *gw> w (*hwehwlą> féul - wheel; *hwītaz> fíth - white; *snaigwaz> néu - snow) | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2|Stop | !rowspan=2|Stop | ||
! | !plain | ||
|{{IPA|b}} | |{{IPA|b}} | ||
|{{IPA|d}} | |{{IPA|d}} | ||
|{{IPA|ɡ}} | |{{IPA|ɡ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !aspirated | ||
| | |{{IPA|p}} | ||
|{{IPA| | |{{IPA|t}} | ||
| | |{{IPA|k}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2|Fricative | !rowspan=2|Fricative | ||
!voiceless | !voiceless | ||
|{{IPA|f}} | |{{IPA|f}} | ||
|{{IPA|s}} | |{{IPA|s}}; {{IPA|θ}} | ||
| | |{{IPA|x}}; {{IPA|h}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!voiced | !voiced | ||
| | |{{IPA|v}} | ||
|{{IPA|ð}} | |{{IPA|ð}} | ||
|{{IPA|ɣ}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| | !colspan=2|Liquid | ||
| | | | ||
|{{IPA|r}} | |{{IPA|r}}; {{IPA|l}} | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! | ! | ||
!Front | !Front | ||
!Back | !Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !High | ||
|{{IPA|i}} | |{{IPA|i}} «ı»; {{IPA|y}} «uı» | ||
|{{IPA| | |{{IPA|u}} «u» | ||
|{{IPA| | |- | ||
!Close-mid | |||
|{{IPA|e}} «e»; {{IPA|ø}} «oı» | |||
|{{IPA|o}} «o» | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Open-mid | !Open-mid | ||
|{{IPA|ɛ}} | |{{IPA|ɛ}} «ę»; {{IPA|œ}} «œ» | ||
| | |{{IPA|ɔ}} «ǫ» | ||
|{{IPA|ɔ}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Low | !Low | ||
| | |{{IPA|æ}} «aı» | ||
|{{IPA|a}} | |{{IPA|a}} «a» | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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!colspan=3|Ending | !colspan=3|Ending | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !/-i/ | ||
! | !/-u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=5|Intitial | !rowspan=5|Intitial | ||
!{{IPA|/ | !{{IPA|/i-/}}; {{IPA|/u-/}} | ||
|{{IPA| | |{{IPA|ui̯}} «uí» | ||
|{{IPA|iu̯}} «ıu» | |||
|{{IPA| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!{{IPA|/ | !{{IPA|/e-/}}; {{IPA|/œ-/}} | ||
|{{IPA|œi̯}} «óe/oí» | |||
|{{IPA|eu̯}} «eu» | |||
|{{IPA| | |||
|{{IPA| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!{{IPA|/ | !|{{IPA|/ɛ-/}} | ||
|{{IPA| | |{{IPA|ɛi̯}} «ęı» | ||
|{{IPA|ɛu̯}} «ęu» | |||
|{{IPA| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!{{IPA|/ | !{{IPA|/a-/}} | ||
|{{IPA| | |{{IPA|ai̯}} «áe/aí» | ||
|{{IPA| | |{{IPA|au̯}} «au» | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Having undergone the various sound changes described above, the nine declension of Proto-Germanic collapsed into six in Old Anrish with only marginal differences between original u-stems and the merged consonant- and r-stems. A peculiar feature of Old Anrish is the presence of the dual number in noun declension, which was likely lost in the Proto-Germanic stage of the language, only to be borrowed later on from Proto-Celtic. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Firstly, it must be noted that adverbs are not a separate part of speech from adjectives in Anrish. Most adjectives are sufficized with either ‹-a› or ‹-e› | Firstly, it must be noted that adverbs are not a separate part of speech from adjectives in Anrish. Most adjectives are sufficized with either ‹-a› or ‹-e› |
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