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Jukethatbox (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{construction}} {{Infobox language | name = Arnic | altname = Arakite | nativename = iguro Arnah | creator = User:Jukethatbox | created = 2022-2024 | setting=Radael | state = Arnah, Northern Gibidum | familycolor = Indo-European | fam1 = Yeldhic | fam2 = Gadaïc | fam3 = Arnic | dia1 = Central Inarduizan | dia2 = Ya-Ranah | dia3 = Kodê Chir | notice = ipa }} ==Phonology== ===Orthography=== ===Consonants=== ===Vowels=== ===Pr...") |
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| name = Arnic | | name = Arnic | ||
| altname = Arakite | | altname = Arakite | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = igyro Arnah | ||
| pronunciation = igʲʏro aɾn̯ɐh | |||
| image = Arnic-endonym.jpeg | |||
| caption = The Arnic endonym in the Arnic script. | |||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2022-2024 | | created = 2022-2024 | ||
Line 11: | Line 14: | ||
| fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | | fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | ||
| fam2 = [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] | | fam2 = [[Gadaïc languages|Gadaïc]] | ||
| fam3 = Arnic | | fam3 = West Gadaïc | ||
| scripts = Arnic abugida<br>Arnic alphabet | |||
| dia1 = Central Inarduizan | | dia1 = Central Inarduizan | ||
| dia2 = Ya-Ranah | | dia2 = Ya-Ranah | ||
| dia3 = | | dia3 = Kodi Chir | ||
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]] | |||
| ancestor2 = [[Proto-Gadaïc]] | |||
| ancestor3 = Proto-West Gadaïc | |||
| ancestor4 = [[Classical Arakite]] | |||
| nation = Arnah | |||
| minority = Moshurian Empire | |||
| agency = Arnah Bureau of Linguistics(ABL) | |||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Arnic'''(''igyro Arnah'', <small>Arnic:</small> [[Help:IPA|[igʲʏro aɾn̯ɐh]]]), also called '''Arakite''', is a Gadaïc language and the official language of the Moshurian vassal of Arnah. It is one of six majority languages in Gadah, and is the second most spoken there after Ösrish. | |||
Arnic is a Proto-Gadaïc-derivative, meaning it primarily derives from the Paleogadaic derivative, Proto-Gadaïc. This differs from [[Psér]], which is a direct derivative from Paleogadaic. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
[[File:Arnic-alphabet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|The Arnic alphabet/abugida.]] | |||
Arnic uses its own left-right top-down alphabet/abugida, which is derived from the [[Psér#Orthography|Psér alphabet]]. One clear difference is that the Arnic alphabet can be written as an abugida, with each vowel having its own diacritic form. | |||
====Rules==== | |||
Though most text is written phonetically as described in the diagram to the left, there are some non-phonetic rules regarding Arnic orthography. | |||
# Suffixes(mostly case suffixes) can not begin with the diacritic form of a vowel | |||
# No word can start with a diacritic vowel; this is the most common use of the non-diacritic vowels. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Velar !! Palatal !! Uvular !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive | |||
| p b || || t d || || k g || || q<ref>Variation of /k/ found in some Western dialects.</ref>|| | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| m || (ɱ) || n || || ŋ || ɲ || ɴ<ref>Variation of /ŋ/ in final position found in some Yav-Yanach dialects.</ref> || | |||
|- | |||
! Tap or flap/Trill | |||
| || || ɾ/r || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| || f v || s z || ʃ ʒ || x ɣ<ref>Eastern pronunciation of /x/.</ref> || ç || ʁ || h | |||
|- | |||
! (Lateral) Approximant | |||
| w || || l || || ɫ || || || | |||
|} | |||
====Palatalisation & labialisation==== | |||
When a plosive is followed by a front close or near-front near-close vowel, the plosive palatalises, as so:<br> | |||
: /g/ + /i/ → [gʲi] | |||
When a plosive is followed by a back vowel like /u/, the plosive labialises instead, as so:<br> | |||
: /g/ + /u/ → [gʷu] | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Front !! Near-front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| i || || u | |||
|- | |||
! Near-close | |||
| || (ɪ) ʏ || | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| e ø || || o | |||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
| || ɐ || | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| a (œ) || || | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Arnic, unlike other Gadaïc languages, does not have a strict stress order across ''all'' words, though some groups of words have certain stress pattern. For example, many words from [[Psér]] preserve their original stress pattern, that being prototonic stress, such as '''''ke'''ri'', from Psér '''''k'''ri'', "self". | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Arnic uses a (C)(V)V(V)(C) syllable structure. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
====Personal==== | |||
Arnic personal pronouns are denoted by animacy, person and number. Only the first person pronoun(s) are not denoted by animacy. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | First person !! colspan=2 | Second person !! colspan=2 | Third person | |||
|- class=small | |||
! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kir'' || ''hish'' || ''ahim'' || ''ish'' || ''shova'' | |||
|- | |||
! Dual | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kire'' || ''hesh'' || ''ahme'' || ''ishe'' || ''shoev'' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| colspan=2 | ''kiir'' || ''hishi'' || ''ahimi'' || ''ishi'' || ''shovi'' | |||
|} | |||
====Demonstrative==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Near !! colspan=2 | Far | |||
|- class=small | |||
! inanimate !! animate !! inanimate !! animate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| ''reh'' || ''yach'' || ''vah'' || ''kech'' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| ''rehi'' || ''yachi'' || ''vahi'' || ''kesh'' | |||
|} | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Arnic nouns are inflected by number, animacy and case. | |||
====Number==== | |||
Nouns are inflected by whether they are singular, dual or plural. Singular nouns are inflected by nothing(''-∅''), while dual nouns are inflected by a ''-e'', and plural nouns are inflected by an ''-i''. The dual noun suffix is also used as an equivalent of the English particle "both". | |||
====Cases==== | |||
Cases in Arnic are already inflected, but are further inflected to denote animacy. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Instrumentative | |||
|- | |||
! Inanimate | |||
| rowspan=2 | - || ''-arhin'' || ''-akach'' || ''-egom'' | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
| ''-elin'' || ''-ilai'' || ''-ayam'' | |||
|} | |||
--> | ====Animacy==== | ||
All nouns are categorised by animacy: either animate or inanimate. Case markings for nouns and pronouns change based on the animacy of a noun. As an example, take the noun ''meshal''("man"). ''Meshal'' is animate, so the surrounding case markings change as so: | |||
: '''''Yach''' meshal damoch'''elin''' madai.'' | |||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>ANIM</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>ANIM</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | |||
: This man eats food. | |||
If ''sadach''("plant"), an inanimate noun(though one could argue plants are alive) were used, the noun case would be as so: | |||
: '''''Reh''' sadach damoch'''arhin''' madai.'' | |||
: <small>DEM</small>.<small>APUD</small>.<small>SG</small>.<small>INAN</small> man-<small>NOM</small> food-<small>INAN</small>.<small>ACC</small> eat-<small>PRES</small>. | |||
: This plant eats food. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Arnic uses the Gadaïc standard of SOV(subject-object-verb) in all sentences with no exceptions. | |||
====Noun-adjective order==== | |||
Arnic dropped the Proto- and Paleogadaic genitive case in favour of a noun-adjective order to denote possession of an object. Some linguists believe this feature was borrowed from Psér, but others point out that Psér implements both a functional noun-adjective order and a genitive case in different contexts, so the argument may be redundant. Nevertheless, the jury is still out. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
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[[Category:Arnic]] | [[Category:Arnic]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
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