Azalic: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Replaced content with "{{list subpages}} '''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in Verse:Ed Dynje. Category:Indo-European languages*Category:Ed Dynje")
Tag: Replaced
 
(84 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
{{list subpages}}
'''Azalic''' is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in [[Verse:Ed Dynje]].


'''Azalic''' ([[Togarmite]]: ''lysėnėþ Azali''; Proto-Azalic: ''Əngoilin voiq̇'') is an imagined Indo-European branch, intended to serve as an alternate possible [[Azalic/Diachronics of English|diachronics of the English language]].
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Ed Dynje]]
 
The name ''Azalic'' is derived from ''Azal'', a Persian cognate of Əngoil /ˈəngojl/, the legendary mother of the Azalic people (cognate of Ahalyā in Hindu mythology).
==Urheimat==
 
The Proto-Azalic Urheimat is believed to be Armenia and Azerbaijan.
 
==Family tree==
*Azalic
**Early New English
***English
***a Lushootseed/Celtic-like language
**[[Đâu-Gequơxex]]
**[[Khuamnisht]]
**something with ejectives
 
==Phonology==
Inspirations: Vietnamese, Armenian, literally read Irish
 
'''m n bh dh gh ᵹh p t c q ph th ch qh ṗ ṫ ċ q̇ s ṡ h l r y v'''
 
/m n
bʰ dʰ gʰ gʷʰ
p t k kʷ
pʰ tʰ kʰ kʷʰ
f θ x xw
sʰ z h
l r j w/
 
''Nota Bene:'' The stops and vowels had a wide variety of dialectal realizations, as in Modern Armenian. Some Proto-Azalic dialects had realizations of the stops that are much closer to Sanskrit; this is reflected in loans from those dialects in English, like ''dream'' <- *troimə (pronounced /drəɨmə/ in the dialect).
 
Vowels: '''e i o u ə é í ó ú oe aw eo ou ieu ia ua''' /e i o u ə~ʌ e: i: o: u: oe əɨ eo əu iəu iə uə/ + offglides in -i; allophonic Open Syllable Lengthening
 
 
Reflexes:
*oi > uə
*iH > i:
*ei > oə, sometimes iə
*ē > e:
*e, i > e, i
*uH > eo (u: in some words)
*u > u (needs umlaut)
*ou > əɨ
*eu > əɨ (iəu in some words)
*o > o (needs umlaut)
*oH, ô, eh2, eh3 > əu
 
*enC > oeC
*onC > əuC
*nC > eoC
 
h1oinos, dwoh1, treyes, kwetwores, penkwe, sweks, septm, oktōw, h₁néwn̥, deḱm
-> xuən, təu, tʰriə~tʰre:, pʰoþur, pʰoəxw, seks, sefn, oxʰtəu, nəɨn, texn~te:n
 
huon, tou, thré, phoṫur, phoeq̇, secs, seṗn, ohtou, nawn, teċn/tén
 
h₃nómṇ > *nomə > L-MidE ''name'' > ''name''
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Proto-Azalic had a highly eroded case system. The notation (i) denotes "i-umlaut" or a j-offglide on the nucleus.
 
*dir. -0, (i)
*voc. (i), (i)
*obl. (i)~(i)-ə~ə, -su~-ṡu
*gen. -is, (i)-is~-ə
*lat. -ther, (no pl)
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''vəlqh'' 'wolf'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''vəlqh'' || ''vəilqh''
|-
! Vocative
| ''vəilqh'' || ''vəilqh''
|-
! Genitive
| ''vəlqhəis'' || ''vəilqhis, vəlqhə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''vəilqhə'' || ''vəilqhsu''
|-
! Lative
| ''vəlqhthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''qenə'' 'lady; wife'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəh''
|-
! Vocative
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəh''
|-
! Genitive
| ''qenəis'' || ''qenə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''qenə'' || ''qenəṡu''
|-
! Lative
| ''qenəthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''ghous'' 'goose'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''ghous'' || ''ghouis''
|-
! Vocative
| ''ghouis'' || ''ghouis''
|-
! Genitive
| ''ghousəis'' || ''ghouisis, ghousə''
|-
! Oblique
| ''ghouis'' || ''ghoussu''
|-
! Lative
| ''ghousthir'' || ''-''
|}
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives were uninflected, because they were split off from adjective-noun compounds.
===Pronouns===
The conjunctive pronouns were used as pronominal subjects in unmarked sentences. The disjunctive pronouns were used as direct, indirect or prepositional objects and in sentences such as:
*''It est mé'' "It's me".
*''ne jú'' 'not you'
*''Mé, iċ oil chuamə.'' 'Me, I'm going home.'
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || colspan=2 | 2 (number neutral) || colspan=3 | 3sg. proximal || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan="2" | 3pl; 3sg distal  || colspan=2 | interr.
|-
! neutral || rude || 'he' || 'she' || 'it' || 'who' || 'what'
|-
! Conjunctive
| ''iċ'' || ''júh'' || ''ṫú'' || ''cheh'' || ''sí'' || ''it, 't'' || ''wia'' || ''ṫoeh'' || ''qhú'' || ''qhot''
|-
! Disjunctive
| ''mé'' || ''jú'' || ''ṫé'' || ''chem'' || ''chéh'' || ''it, 't'' || ''əs'' || ''ṫem'' || ''qhúm'' || ''qhot''
|-
! Possessive
| ''moenə'' || ''jurə'' || ''ṫoenə'' || ''cheis'' || ''chéṡə'' || ''eis'' || ''eosərə'' || ''ṫoerə'' || colspan="2" | ''qhois''
|}
 
===Verbs===
-eh2ti > -ə; -yeti, -eyeti > (i)-ə
 
The original PIE personal affixes were lost. When the subject was nominal singular, "he", "she" or "it", the suffix ''-se'' (from PIE *swe) was required for verbal agreement. The 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns were number neutral so they didn't take ''-se''.
 
The different forms were:
*Imperative (source of English imperative): non-past without any endings
*Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
*Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist
*Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive, including ''were''): sigmatic future.
*Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -dh from -tús (with random voicing) for weaks, (i)-ə from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-se''.
**Some modal verbs in English, such as ''can, will, shall, may, must, ought'', come from statives and thus are called stative-present verbs.
*Active participle: -ənt
**''-ənt-qhe'' became the present progressive ''-ing'' in English.
*Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -dh from -tós
 
Proto-Azalic had at least three distinct verb paradigms:
*The weak verbs became the English weaks
*The strong verbs became the non-class 7 strongs in English (e.g. ''bind'')
*The semistrong verbs became the class 7 strongs such as ''fall, hold, grow, know''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Verb conjugation
|-
! style="width: 90px;" |
! style="width: 100px;" | Weak: ''luṗə'' 'love'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Strong: ''bhendh'' 'bind'
!  style="width: 100px;" | Semistrong: ''choldh'' 'grasp'
|-
! Imperative
| ''luṗə'' || ''bhendh'' || ''choldh''
|-
! Nonpast
| ''luṗə(-se)'' || ''bhendh(-se)'' || ''choldh(-se)''
|-
! Past
| ''leluṗə(-se)'' || ''bhəndh(-se)'' || ''cechəldh(-se)''
|-
! Irrealis
| ''luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)'' || ''bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)'' || ''choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)''
|-
! Stative
| ''luṗədh'' || ''bhondh'' || ''choildhə''
|-
! Active part.
| ''luṗənt'' || ''bhəndhənt'' || ''choldhənt''
|-
! Passive part.
| ''luṗədh'' || ''bhəndhən'' || ''choldhən''
|}
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
*SVO, VSO in questions or for emphasis
*Prepositions over postpositions
*Adjectives and genitives before nouns; relative clauses after nouns.
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Azalic languages|*]][[Category:Lõis]]

Latest revision as of 06:25, 4 May 2023

Pages with the prefix 'Azalic' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Talk:

Azalic is a Hivantic language spoken in the country of Åzalaa in Verse:Ed Dynje.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Azalic&oldid=302883"