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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Nouns
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| align="center"| ''auna'' | | align="center"| ''auna'' | ||
| align="center" | "name" | | align="center" | "name" | ||
|- | |||
| align="center"| ''aḑir'' | |||
| align="center"| ''adre'' | |||
| align="center"| ''adŕi'' | |||
| align="center"| ''adra'' | |||
| align="center" | "father" | |||
|} | |} | ||
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* stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''. | * stem-final ''v'' disappears before ''-v'' of the GDPl. and 3rd NAPl., e.g. ''ĺova'' "coal" (NASg.) → ''ĺova'' (GDPl.), ''ńivo'' "action, deed" (NASg.) → ''ńiva''. | ||
4th declension nouns are divided into | 4th declension nouns are divided into five sub-classes depending on the stem: | ||
* ''trouda'' demonstrates the normal paradigm for the majority of 4th declension nouns, where the endings are added to an immutable stem; | * ''trouda'' demonstrates the normal paradigm for the majority of 4th declension nouns, where the endings are added to an immutable stem; | ||
* ''ĺeda'' shows iotisation in NAsg and plural, along with ''leda'' "width", ''neva'' "heaven"; | * ''ĺeda'' shows iotisation in NAsg and plural, along with ''leda'' "width", ''neva'' "heaven"; | ||
* nouns with a NAsg. in ''-u'' like ''cu'' take ''-on-'' in the remaining categories and nouns with ''-û'' ''aû'' "river" take ''-n-'' (''auna, aune''). Place-names often belong to this class. | * nouns with a NAsg. in ''-u'' like ''cu'' take ''-on-'' in the remaining categories and nouns with ''-û'' ''aû'' "river" take ''-n-'' (''auna, aune''). Place-names often belong to this class. | ||
* ''ava'' belongs to a rare class with a full stem in ''-(a)n-''. Besides ''ava'' "name", ''gova'' "smith" (''goun-''), ''mjava'' "memory, thought" (''mjaun-'') the remaining members are all old verbal nouns in NAsg ''-ma'', GDsg. & pl. ''-mn-'' such as ''brama'' "fart", ''grama'' "shout", ''cama'' "step", ''lama'' "jump", ''luma'' "drop", ''śtoma'' "bend", ''tama'' "bite". | * ''ava'' belongs to a rare class with a full stem in ''-(a)n-''. Besides ''ava'' "name", ''gova'' "smith" (''goun-''), ''mjava'' "memory, thought" (''mjaun-'') the remaining members are all old verbal nouns in NAsg ''-ma'', GDsg. & pl. ''-mn-'' such as ''brama'' "fart", ''grama'' "shout", ''cama'' "step", ''lama'' "jump", ''luma'' "drop", ''śtoma'' "bend", ''tama'' "bite". | ||
* ''aḑir'' represents a limited class of nouns, all relating to kinship terms, which have a NAsg. in -C''ir'' but the remaining paradigm in -C''r-''. This class includes ''maḑir'' "mother", ''braḑir'' "brother", ''auțir'' "uncle" and the rare, archaic ''dôćir'' "daughter". | |||
** related, but irregular, is ''zviur'' "sister" (NAsg.), ''zviare'' (GDsg.), ''zviŕi'' (NApl.), ''zviara'' (GDpl.). | |||
====The Vocative==== | ====The Vocative==== | ||