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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
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====Demonstrative==== | ====Demonstrative==== | ||
The demonstrative pronouns each have two forms: a) one referring to humans, deities and sometimes animals; and b) one referring to inanimates and abstracts. | The demonstrative pronouns each have two forms: a) one referring to humans, deities and sometimes animals; and b) one referring to inanimates and abstracts.<ref>There is no clear rule governing whether an animal is referred to by the (a) form or the (b) form of demonstratives. Generally speaking it is a question of whether the animal is considered an individual (in which case it may well have a name) or simply one of a group. Riders' horses, pets, important farm animals and totems will usually take the (a) forms.</ref> | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! align="center" | "this" b) | ! align="center" | "this" b) | ||
| align="center"| '' | | align="center"| ''sida'' | ||
| align="center"| '' | | align="center"| ''sidu'' | ||
| align="center"| '' | | align="center"| ''siẑi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="center" | "that" a) | ! align="center" | "that" a) | ||
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| align="center"| ''sei'' | | align="center"| ''sei'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
The demonstratives may be used: | |||
* as pronouns proper, standing alone as the subject or object of a verb etc., e.g. ''seu ałdemi'' "I want that" | |||
* as adjectives preceding a definite noun, e.g. ''soda veŕida'' "this man''. | |||
====Interrogative==== | |||
The interrogative pronouns are ''će'' "who", used for humans, deities and sometimes animals, and ''cêt'' "what", used for inanimates and abstracts. These are not declined for case or number. When the pronoun is the object of the sentence, the verb must be in the passive and the subject follows in the oblique e.g. ''cêt zlaźsore Vervosu'' "what did Vervosa kill?" (lit. "what was killed by Vervosa?"), but ''će Citvena veŭsa?'' "who saw Citvena?". | |||
The interrogative adverbs are: | |||
* ''cane'' "when" | |||
* ''care'' "why" | |||
* ''cô'' "where" | |||
* ''cede'' "how many, how much" | |||
* ''ćeta'' "how" | |||
====Indefinite==== | |||
The indefinite pronouns include: | |||
* ''cauga'' "everyone, everything" | |||
* ''neuga'' "someone, something, anyone, anything" | |||
* ''ołida'' "all" | |||
All these decline like first declension nouns. The first two may be used adjectivally, preceding a noun with which they agree in case and number, e.g. ''da caugu veru'' "to every man". The adjectival form of ''ołida'' is ''oła'' "all, every, whole" which must precede a definite noun (unless abstract), e.g. ''ołi eugiẑi'' "all the horses". | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||