803
edits
Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Syntax
(→Syntax) |
|||
| Line 743: | Line 743: | ||
The basic word order is SOV. | The basic word order is SOV. | ||
* '' | * ''verazda menazda carde'' "the man loves the woman" | ||
* ''Małgų edra veŭse'' "Małgų saw a bird" | * ''Małgų edra veŭse'' "Małgų saw a bird" | ||
| Line 749: | Line 749: | ||
* ''brava ezdemi'' "I am eating bread" | * ''brava ezdemi'' "I am eating bread" | ||
* '' | * ''badazda ģigseje'' "they climbed the mountain" | ||
Indirect objects are placed at the beginning or end of the SOV structure. | Indirect objects are placed at the beginning or end of the SOV structure. | ||
* ''aģi | * ''ma aģi sevą vrăcanse ca mô'' "my father taught me to hunt" (hunting to me) | ||
* ''ca | * ''ca tejezdu ańanu ausetu'' "you went to the wrong house" | ||
Adjectives follow nouns. | Adjectives follow nouns. | ||
* ''cų mara'' "a large dog" | * ''cų mara'' "a large dog" | ||
* ''euga | * ''euga vida'' "a white horse" | ||
===Relative Sentences=== | ===Relative Sentences=== | ||
There is no relative pronoun, the relative being expressed by the verb. The syntax of a relative clause depends on whether the antecedent is the agent or patient of the verb. When the antecedent of the relative is the agent (grammatically the subject), the word order is Agent + Relative Verb (+ Object) | There is no relative pronoun, the relative being expressed by the verb. The syntax of a relative clause depends on whether the antecedent is the agent or patient of the verb. When the antecedent of the relative is the agent (grammatically the subject), the word order is Agent + Relative Verb (+ Object) | ||
* '' | * ''verazda carģa mi'' "the man who loves me" | ||
* '' | * ''eugazda teugśa'' "the horse which ran away" | ||
When the antecedent is the patient of the verb (which would usually be the direct object in English), the verb must be in the passive and the agent may be omitted or indicated by ''cate'' "by". The the order is Patient + Relative Passive Verb (+ ''cate'' + Agent): | When the antecedent is the patient of the verb (which would usually be the direct object in English), the verb must be in the passive and the agent may be omitted or indicated by ''cate'' "by". The the order is Patient + Relative Passive Verb (+ ''cate'' + Agent): | ||
* '' | * ''tejezda daisoŕa ca laruzdu mara jat'' "the house which burnt down was large" | ||
* '' | * ''cųzda magdoŕa cate mi dova es'' "the dog which I feed is black" (i.e. "which is fed by me") | ||
An alternative, more colloquial, way of expressing this is to place the relative clause as a normal SOV clause in apposition to the patient noun. The remainder of the main clause then follows after the resumptive pronoun ''so/se'', which agrees with the patient noun in number and case. The order here is: Patient + Subordinate clause + ''so/se'' + Object/Predicate + Verb | |||
* ''tejezda, daisore ca laruzdu, se mara jat'' "the house which burnt down was large (lit. "the house, it burnt down, that was large") | |||
* ''cųzda, e magdoremi, so dova es'' "the dog which I feed is black" (lit. "the dog, I feed it, that is black") | |||
This method of apposition is used where English uses a genitive or prepositional relative, e.g. | |||
* ''verazda, eja breced cardemi, so brause'' "the man whose daughter I love has died" (lit. "the man, I love his daughter, he died") | |||
* ''łazazda, ceŭse e ju, se vra lava jat'' "the hole in which she hid was too small" (lit. "the hole, she hid in it, that was too small") | |||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||