@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 <br />
-In addition to these base forms, called '''primary''' or '''unmarked''' letters, diacritics are used to create '''secondary''' and '''tertiary''' forms, which are collectively called the '''marked''' letters. In the case of vowels, secondary forms represent pretonic and therefore unstressed variants and are marked with a breve, e.g. ''răveŭsemi'' "I have seen" (see Phonetic Processes for special use of ''ŭ''). Secondary forms of consonants are '''iotised''' variants of the primary sounds and are marked with an acute accent (note that the graph ''ł'' is used for secondary ''l''), e.g. ''craśu'' "drier". The tertiary forms of both vowels and consonants are marked with the caret and only the letters ''ê, ô, ŝ'' and ''ẑ'' occur. They are not derived from the primary forms.
+In addition to these base forms, called '''primary''' or '''unmarked''' letters, diacritics are used to create '''secondary''' and '''tertiary''' forms, which are collectively called the '''marked''' letters. In the case of vowels, secondary forms represent pretonic and therefore unstressed variants and are marked with a breve, e.g. ''răvełsemi'' "I have seen". Secondary forms of consonants are '''iotised''' variants of the primary sounds and are marked with an acute accent, e.g. ''craśu'' "drier". Most tertiary forms of both vowels and consonants are marked with the caret (''ê, ô, ŝ'' and ''ẑ''), but ''ł'' is the tertiary form of ''l''.
 The table below shows the various forms of the letters:
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 | align="center"| ''ź''
 |
-| align="center"| ''ł''
+| align="center"| ''ĺ''
 |
 | align="center"| ''ń''
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 | align="center"| ''ẑ''
 |
-|
+| align="center"| ''ł''
 |
 |
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 Additionally, two purely orthographic conventions are used:
 * The letters ''î'' and ''û'' occur in diphthongs deriving from ''vi, *ji'' and ''*vu''; e.g. ''doû, doî'' "black" from **''dovu, **dovi''
-* The hook is used with any vowel or diphthong to show the absence of a following nasal, in Class 4 Nominals; e.g. ''camvǫ'' "foster son", pl. ''camvone''.
+* The hook is used with any vowel or diphthong to show the absence of a following nasal, in Class 4 Nominals; e.g. ''camvų'' "foster son", pl. ''camvone''.
 Taken together the following letters may occur in Bźatga orthography:
-''a ă ą b c ć d e ĕ ê ę g ǵ i ĭ î į j l ł m n ń o ŏ ô ǫ r ŕ s ś ŝ t u ŭ û ų v z ź ẑ
+''a ă ą b c ć d e ĕ ê ę g ǵ i ĭ î į j l ĺ ł m n ń o ŏ ô ǫ r ŕ s ś ŝ t u ŭ û ų v z ź ẑ
 ===Consonants===
@@ Line 227: / Line 227: @@
 ====Iotisation====
 Iotisation is the process by which an inflexional ''j'' affects the preceding consonant. It is seen, for example, in the comparative forms of adjectives and in some verb forms. All consonants, except ''j'' itself, are affected by iotisation, in the following ways:
-*most consonants change to their secondary form, e.g. ''łasa'' "clear, blue", cpv. ''łaśu'' "bluer".
+*most consonants change to their secondary form, e.g. ''ĺasa'' "clear, blue", cpv. ''ĺaśu'' "bluer".
 *''d'' and ''t'' become ''ć'' and ''ǵ'' respectively, e.g. ''môde'' "soft", cpv. ''môǵu'' "softer".
 *''b'' and ''m'' are simply followed by the letter ''j'', e.g. ''caba'' "crooked", cpv. ''cabju'' "more crooked".
@@ Line 268: / Line 268: @@
 | align="center"| ''ź''
 | align="center"|
-| align="center"| ''ł''
+| align="center"| ''ĺ''
 | align="center"| ''mj''
 | align="center"| ''ń''
@@ Line 283: / Line 283: @@
 |
 |
-| align="center"| ''ł''
+| align="center"| ''ĺ''
 |
 | align="center"| ''ń''
@@ Line 292: / Line 292: @@
 As stated above, there are six dipthongs in Bźatga: ''ai, ei, oi'' and ''au, eu, ou''. These are only permitted to occur before a consonant or at the end of a word. When any of these comes to occur before a vowel, the second element becomes ''j'' or ''v'' respectively, e.g. ''saide'' "(he) seeks" but ''saja'' "seek!". The same is true in reverse, so ''dova'' "black" becomes ''doudra'' "blackness".
-Because of this alternation, only ''a, e'' and ''o'' can usually occur before ''j'' and ''v''. In a few rare cases the combination ''iv'' occurs, which becomes ''jû'' before a consonant, e.g. ''łiva'' "colour" becomes ''łûleda'' "colourful, coloured".
+Because of this alternation, only ''a, e'' and ''o'' can usually occur before ''j'' and ''v''. In a few rare cases the combination ''iv'' occurs, which becomes ''jû'' before a consonant, e.g. ''ĺiva'' "colour" becomes ''ĺûleda'' "colourful, coloured".
 Whenever the combinations ''**ji'' and ''*vu'' would occur as a result of inflexion or derivation, the consonant is lost and the remaining ''i'' or ''u'' forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel. The same occurs to the combination ''*ovi'', which becomes ''oî''. The second element of a diphthong formed in this way is marked by a caret, not to show a difference in pronunciation from the unmarked form, but to show the absence of the consonant. This process can clearly be seen in the declension of the adjective ''dova'' "black": ''dova'' (NAsg), ''doû'' (Osg, < *''dovu''), ''doî'' (Pl, < *''dovi''). Note also the change of ''*iji'' > ''î'' and ''*ivu, *iju'' > ''jû'' (e.g. ''bźija'' "power, status", Osg. ''bźû'', pl. ''bźî'').
-====Alternation of ''l/ŭ''====
+====Alternation of ''l/ł''====
-The letter ''l'' may only stand in pre-vocalic position, whether word initially or medially. When the sound comes to stand before a consonant it alternates to ''ŭ'', e.g. ''velą'' "seeing" but ''veŭdoja'' "visible".
+The letter ''l'' may only stand in pre-vocalic position, whether word initially or medially. When the sound comes to stand before a consonant it alternates to ''ł'', e.g. ''velą'' "seeing" but ''vełdoja'' "visible".
 ==Morphology==
@@ Line 326: / Line 326: @@
 | align="center"| ''sule''
 | align="center"| ''sule''
-| align="center"| ''sułi''
+| align="center"| ''suĺi''
 | align="center" | "sun"
 |-
@@ Line 345: / Line 345: @@
 * stem-final consonants may undergo palatalisation in the plural, e.g. ''vade'' "oracle", pl. ''vaẑi''.
 * stem-final ''v'' or ''j'' may also disappear before ''-i'' and ''-u'' according to rules set out above, e.g. ''căbrova'' "tribesman", pl. ''căbroî''.
-* a number of 3rd declension nouns have a NASg. in ''-a'', these are ''teja'' "house", ''cźa'' "body", ''mava'' "place", ''leda'' "side, half", ''łada'' "river bank, valley", ''łuna'' "knee", ''mira'' "piece of food", ''neva'' "heaven", ''siza'' "hillock, mound", ''zleva'' "platform, plateau", ''ŝira'' "land".
+* a number of 3rd declension nouns have a NASg. in ''-a'', these are ''teja'' "house", ''cźa'' "body", ''mava'' "place", ''leda'' "side, half", ''ĺada'' "river bank, valley", ''ĺuna'' "knee", ''mira'' "piece of food", ''neva'' "heaven", ''siza'' "hillock, mound", ''zleva'' "platform, plateau", ''ŝira'' "land".
 * a group of 4th declension nouns has an NASg. in -C''ų'' (where C represents any consonant) but a stem in -C''on-'', e.g. ''camvų'' "whelp, lad", pl. ''camvone''.
@@ Line 422: / Line 422: @@
 The '''comparative''' adjective is formed by adding ''–ju'' to the stem, which undergoes iotisation where possible, e.g. ''maŕu'' "greater" < ''mara'', ''seńu'' "older" < ''sena'', ''doju'' "blacker" < ''dova''. Comparative adjectives are not inflected for case or number.
-The comparative may be followed by ''vra'' "than" and an OSg or Plural noun, e.g. ''maŕu vra teje'' "bigger than a house", ''vału vra ģeviẑi'' "more powerful than the gods".
+The comparative may be followed by ''vra'' "than" and an OSg or Plural noun, e.g. ''maŕu vra teje'' "bigger than a house", ''vaĺu vra ģeviẑi'' "more powerful than the gods".
 The '''superlative''' adjective is made with the suffix ''-va'', which also causes iotisation to the preceding consonant, e.g. ''maŕva'' "greatest", ''seńva'' "oldest", ''doiva'' "blackest". Superlatives function like normal adjectives and agree with their noun in number and case.
 The following adjectives are compared irregularly:
-* ''dava'' "good", ''vela'' "better", ''vełva'' "best"
+* ''dava'' "good", ''vela'' "better", ''veĺva'' "best"
 * ''drôga'' "bad", ''vaća'' "worse", ''vaćva'' "worst"
 * ''agsa'' "near", ''nesa'' "nearer", ''neśva'' "nearest"
@@ Line 453: / Line 453: @@
 ====Ordinal====
-Ordinal numbers are adjectives of the 1st declension, which behave like any other. They ordinals from 1-10 are: ''ćata, ała, ćića, ceuǵa, ćacda, seśda, sećveda, oćveda, naveda, degveda''.
+Ordinal numbers are adjectives of the 1st declension, which behave like any other. They ordinals from 1-10 are: ''ćata, aĺa, ćića, ceuǵa, ćacda, seśda, sećveda, oćveda, naveda, degveda''.
 ===Pronouns===
@@ Line 496: / Line 496: @@
 |}
-The NA pronouns are used as subject and direct object of the verb. As subject, they are really suffixes which attach to the verb directly. The 3rd person ''e'' is not added to verbs, which generally end in a vowel, so for example, ''carde'' implicitly means "he/she/it loves" unless another subject is stated. As direct object, the pronouns precede the verb directly, e.g. ''e cardemi'' "I love him", ''Małgų tu veŭse'' "Małgų saw you".
+The NA pronouns are used as subject and direct object of the verb. As subject, they are really suffixes which attach to the verb directly. The 3rd person ''e'' is not added to verbs, which generally end in a vowel, so for example, ''carde'' implicitly means "he/she/it loves" unless another subject is stated. As direct object, the pronouns precede the verb directly, e.g. ''e cardemi'' "I love him", ''Maĺgų tu vełse'' "Maĺgų saw you".
 The Oblique forms are used following prepositions, e.g. ''cate ju'' "with him/her/it", ''a zna'' "from us".
@@ Line 535: / Line 535: @@
 The demonstratives may be used:
-* as pronouns proper, standing alone as the subject or object of a verb etc., e.g. ''seu ałdemi'' "I want that"
+* as pronouns proper, standing alone as the subject or object of a verb etc., e.g. ''seu aĺdemi'' "I want that"
 * as adjectives preceding a definite noun, e.g. ''soda verazda'' "this man''.
 ====Interrogative====
-The interrogative pronouns are ''će'' "who", used for humans, deities and sometimes animals, and ''cêt'' "what", used for inanimates and abstracts. These are not declined for case or number. When the pronoun is the object of the sentence, the verb must be in the passive and the subject follows in the oblique e.g. ''cêt zlaźsore Vervosu'' "what did Vervosa kill?" (lit. "what was killed by Vervosa?"), but ''će Citvena veŭsa?'' "who saw Citvena?".
+The interrogative pronouns are ''će'' "who", used for humans, deities and sometimes animals, and ''cêt'' "what", used for inanimates and abstracts. These are not declined for case or number. When the pronoun is the object of the sentence, the verb must be in the passive and the subject follows in the oblique e.g. ''cêt zlaźsore Vervosu'' "what did Vervosa kill?" (lit. "what was killed by Vervosa?"), but ''će Citvena vełsa?'' "who saw Citvena?".
 The interrogative adverbs are:
@@ Line 552: / Line 552: @@
 * ''cauga'' "everyone, everything"
 * ''neuga'' "someone, something, anyone, anything"
-* ''ołazda'' "all"
+* ''oĺazda'' "all"
-All these decline like first declension nouns. The first two may be used adjectivally, preceding a noun with which they agree in case and number, e.g. ''ca caugu veru'' "to every man". The adjectival form of ''ołazda'' is ''oła'' "all, every, whole" which must precede a definite noun (unless abstract), e.g. ''ołi eugiẑi'' "all the horses".
+All these decline like first declension nouns. The first two may be used adjectivally, preceding a noun with which they agree in case and number, e.g. ''ca caugu veru'' "to every man". The adjectival form of ''oĺazda'' is ''oĺa'' "all, every, whole" which must precede a definite noun (unless abstract), e.g. ''oĺi eugiẑi'' "all the horses".
 ===Verbs===
@@ Line 561: / Line 561: @@
 Verbs possess a relatively simple agglutinative morphology. Each verb consists of a stem to which affixes denoting such things as tense, person and voice are added. The position of the affixes is restricted, with the stem (e.g. ''vel-'' "see") taking '''Position 1''', and the other affixes as follows:
-* '''Position 2''' must be filled with one of the tense-marking suffixes ''d'' for the non-past or ''s'' for the past (e.g. ''veŭd-'' "sees", ''veŭs-'' "saw"). In imperative verbs the position is held by the imperative suffix ''a'' (e.g. ''vela'' "see!").
+* '''Position 2''' must be filled with one of the tense-marking suffixes ''d'' for the non-past or ''s'' for the past (e.g. ''vełd-'' "sees", ''vełs-'' "saw"). In imperative verbs the position is held by the imperative suffix ''a'' (e.g. ''vela'' "see!").
-* '''Position 3''' denotes voice and is empty when the verb is active, but contains ''or'' when passive (e.g. ''veŭd-'' "sees", ''veŭdor-'' "is seen").
+* '''Position 3''' denotes voice and is empty when the verb is active, but contains ''or'' when passive (e.g. ''vełd-'' "sees", ''vełdor-'' "is seen").
-* '''Position 4''' is usually empty, but is filled by ''ja'' when the verb is relative (''veŭśa'' "who saw" < ''vel-s-ja'').
+* '''Position 4''' is usually empty, but is filled by ''ja'' when the verb is relative (''vełśa'' "who saw" < ''vel-s-ja'').
-* '''Position 5''' is always theoretically filled by a suffix denoting person. In most cases these are identical to the NA pronouns, with an epenthetic ''e'' following consonants (e.g. ''veŭdemi'' "I see", ''veŭsoreśi'' "you were seen"). When the subject is a noun or a 3sg pronoun, the ending is ''-e'', but this disappears following relative ''ja'' (e.g. ''veŭde'' "he/she/it sees", ''veŭģa'' "whom he etc. sees" < ''vel-d-ja''). Only the 2nd person pronouns may be used with the imperative (e.g. ''velatu'' "see!").
+* '''Position 5''' is always theoretically filled by a suffix denoting person. In most cases these are identical to the NA pronouns, with an epenthetic ''e'' following consonants (e.g. ''vełdemi'' "I see", ''vełsoreśi'' "you were seen"). When the subject is a noun or a 3sg pronoun, the ending is ''-e'', but this disappears following relative ''ja'' (e.g. ''vełde'' "he/she/it sees", ''vełģa'' "whom he etc. sees" < ''vel-d-ja''). Only the 2nd person pronouns may be used with the imperative (e.g. ''velatu'' "see!").
 * '''Position 0''' may be empty or filled by one of the several prefixes:
-** ''ră'' functions somewhat like a subjunctive or modal particle, introducing a sense of uncertainty to the verb. It can be translated as 'may' or 'would' (e.g. ''răveŭseje'' "they may have seen", ''răveŭdeśńi'' "we may see"). It cannot be used with the imperative. The negative form is ''răn'' (e.g. ''rǎnveŭdeje'' "they may not see").
+** ''ră'' functions somewhat like a subjunctive or modal particle, introducing a sense of uncertainty to the verb. It can be translated as 'may' or 'would' (e.g. ''răvełseje'' "they may have seen", ''răvełdeśńi'' "we may see"). It cannot be used with the imperative. The negative form is ''răn'' (e.g. ''rǎnvełdeje'' "they may not see").
-** ''nă'' is the negative, which may be used with any of the suffixes (e.g. ''năveŭsemi'' "I did not see", ''năveŭģaśi'' "whom you did not see").
+** ''nă'' is the negative, which may be used with any of the suffixes (e.g. ''năvełsemi'' "I did not see", ''năvełģaśi'' "whom you did not see").
-** ''mă'' is the conditional, used with the past or non-past to mean "if ..." (e.g. ''măveŭdetu'' "if you see", ''măveŭsoremi'' "if I were seen"). The conditional cannot be used with the relative suffix, but combines with the negative as ''măn'' (e.g. ''mănveŭdetu'' "if you don't see").
+** ''mă'' is the conditional, used with the past or non-past to mean "if ..." (e.g. ''măvełdetu'' "if you see", ''măvełsoremi'' "if I were seen"). The conditional cannot be used with the relative suffix, but combines with the negative as ''măn'' (e.g. ''mănvełdetu'' "if you don't see").
 The table below summarises the position of the affixes in relation to the stem:
@@ Line 597: / Line 597: @@
 There are three verbal adjectives:
 * The '''Present Participle''' is formed by adding the prefix ''ĕ-'' to the verbal noun when it begins with a consonant or ''ĕn-'' when it begins with a vowel, e.g. ''ĕvelą'' "seeing", ''ĕnezą'' "eating".
-* The '''Past Passive Participle''' is formed with the suffix ''-da'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''veŭda'' "seen", ''ezda'' "eaten".
+* The '''Past Passive Participle''' is formed with the suffix ''-da'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''vełda'' "seen", ''ezda'' "eaten".
-* The '''Participle of Necessity''', equivalent to English adjectives in "-able", "-ible" and "-worthy", is formed with the suffix ''-doja'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''veŭdoja'' "visible", ''zlaźdoja'' "killable".
+* The '''Participle of Necessity''', equivalent to English adjectives in "-able", "-ible" and "-worthy", is formed with the suffix ''-doja'' added to the verb stem, e.g. ''vełdoja'' "visible", ''zlaźdoja'' "killable".
 ====Summary of Verb Forms====
@@ Line 614: / Line 614: @@
 ! align="center" rowspan="6;" | Present
 ! align="center" | Affirmative
-| align="center" | ''veŭde''
+| align="center" | ''vełde''
-| align="center" | ''veŭģa''
+| align="center" | ''vełģa''
-| align="center" | ''veŭdore''
+| align="center" | ''vełdore''
-| align="center" | ''veŭdoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''vełdoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Negative
-| align="center" | ''năveŭde''
+| align="center" | ''năvełde''
-| align="center" | ''năveŭģa''
+| align="center" | ''năvełģa''
-| align="center" | ''năveŭdore''
+| align="center" | ''năvełdore''
-| align="center" | ''năveŭdoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''năvełdoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Modal
-| align="center" | ''răveŭde''
+| align="center" | ''răvełde''
-| align="center" | ''răveŭģa''
+| align="center" | ''răvełģa''
-| align="center" | ''răveŭdore''
+| align="center" | ''răvełdore''
-| align="center" | ''răveŭdoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''răvełdoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Negative Modal
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭde''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełde''
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭģa''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełģa''
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭdore''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełdore''
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭdoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełdoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Conditional
-| align="center" | ''măveŭde''
+| align="center" | ''măvełde''
 | align="center" |
-| align="center" | ''măveŭdore''
+| align="center" | ''măvełdore''
 | align="center" |
 |-
 ! align="center" | Negative Conditional
-| align="center" | ''mănveŭde''
+| align="center" | ''mănvełde''
 | align="center" |
-| align="center" | ''mănveŭdore''
+| align="center" | ''mănvełdore''
 | align="center" |
 |-
 ! align="center" rowspan="6;" | Past
 ! align="center" | Affirmative
-| align="center" | ''veŭse''
+| align="center" | ''vełse''
-| align="center" | ''veŭśa''
+| align="center" | ''vełśa''
-| align="center" | ''veŭsore''
+| align="center" | ''vełsore''
-| align="center" | ''veŭsoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''vełsoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Negative
-| align="center" | ''năveŭse''
+| align="center" | ''năvełse''
-| align="center" | ''năveŭśa''
+| align="center" | ''năvełśa''
-| align="center" | ''năveŭsore''
+| align="center" | ''năvełsore''
-| align="center" | ''năveŭsoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''năvełsoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Modal
-| align="center" | ''răveŭse''
+| align="center" | ''răvełse''
-| align="center" | ''răveŭśa''
+| align="center" | ''răvełśa''
-| align="center" | ''răveŭsore''
+| align="center" | ''răvełsore''
-| align="center" | ''răveŭsoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''răvełsoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Negative Modal
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭse''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełse''
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭśa''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełśa''
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭsore''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełsore''
-| align="center" | ''rănveŭsoŕa''
+| align="center" | ''rănvełsoŕa''
 |-
 ! align="center" | Conditional
-| align="center" | ''măveŭse''
+| align="center" | ''măvełse''
 | align="center" |
-| align="center" | ''măveŭsore''
+| align="center" | ''măvełsore''
 | align="center" |
 |-
 ! align="center" | Negative Conditional
-| align="center" | ''mănveŭse''
+| align="center" | ''mănvełse''
 | align="center" |
-| align="center" | ''mănveŭsore''
+| align="center" | ''mănvełsore''
 | align="center" |
 |-
@@ Line 699: / Line 699: @@
 |-
 ! align="center" colspan="2;" | Past Passive Participle
-| align="center" colspan="2;" | ''veŭda''
+| align="center" colspan="2;" | ''vełda''
 | align="center" colspan="2;" |
 |-
 ! align="center" colspan="2;" | Participle of Necessity
-| align="center" colspan="2;" | ''veŭdoja''
+| align="center" colspan="2;" | ''vełdoja''
 | align="center" colspan="2;" |
 |}
@@ Line 751: / Line 751: @@
 * ''vret'' "against"
-Note the distinction between ''cate'', used in phrases such as ''ezsemi cate łeju'' "I ate with a spoon", ''zlaźsoreje cate vjalu'' "they were killed by a wolf"; and ''vjezu'', used in phrases like ''ezsemi vjezu braģi mi'' "I ate with my brother".
+Note the distinction between ''cate'', used in phrases such as ''ezsemi cate ĺeju'' "I ate with a spoon", ''zlaźsoreje cate vjalu'' "they were killed by a wolf"; and ''vjezu'', used in phrases like ''ezsemi vjezu braģi mi'' "I ate with my brother".
 ===Conjunctions===
@@ Line 758: / Line 758: @@
 * ''verazda menazda carde'' "the man loves the woman"
-* ''Małgų edra veŭse'' "Małgų saw a bird"
+* ''Maĺgų edra vełse'' "Maĺgų saw a bird"
 Pronoun subjects are expressed as part of the verb and do not occur separately.
@@ Line 794: / Line 794: @@
 * ''verazda, eja breced cardemi, so brause'' "the man whose daughter I love has died" (lit. "the man, I love his daughter, he died")
-* ''łazazda, ceŭse e ju, se vra lava jat'' "the hole in which she hid was too small" (lit. "the hole, she hid in it, that was too small")
+* ''ĺazazda, cełse e ju, se vra lava jat'' "the hole in which she hid was too small" (lit. "the hole, she hid in it, that was too small")
 ==Derivation==
 ===Nouns===
-Agent nouns and instruments are formed from verbs with the suffixes ''-jde'' or ''-(a)dra'' (e.g. (e.g. ''ģiģde'' "climber" < ''ģig-'', ''łaźdra'' "spade" < ''łaź-''). Agents can be formed from verbs or nouns with ''-jų'' (e.g. ''gańų'' "killer" < ''gan-'') and this can be added to adjectives to describe a person or thing bearing that quality (e.g. ''dajų'' "good person" < ''dava''). ''-vera'' is added to nouns, verbs or occasionally adjectives meaning "person associated with" (e.g. ''vezvera'' "woodsman" < ''veza''). The ending ''-jajų'' is added to nouns to mean "seeker of" or "lover of" (e.g. ''gałajų'' "megalomaniac" < ''gala'').
+Agent nouns and instruments are formed from verbs with the suffixes ''-jde'' or ''-(a)dra'' (e.g. (e.g. ''ģiģde'' "climber" < ''ģig-'', ''ĺaźdra'' "spade" < ''ĺaź-''). Agents can be formed from verbs or nouns with ''-jų'' (e.g. ''gańų'' "killer" < ''gan-'') and this can be added to adjectives to describe a person or thing bearing that quality (e.g. ''dajų'' "good person" < ''dava''). ''-vera'' is added to nouns, verbs or occasionally adjectives meaning "person associated with" (e.g. ''vezvera'' "woodsman" < ''veza''). The ending ''-jajų'' is added to nouns to mean "seeker of" or "lover of" (e.g. ''gaĺajų'' "megalomaniac" < ''gala'').
 Diminutives can be formed from nouns with ''-ńa'' (e.g. ''meńa'' "little woman" < ''mena'') and from adjectives with ''-ga'' or ''-ca'' (e.g. ''douga/douca'' "little black one" < ''dova''); ''-ca'' tends to have more negative overtones.
-Abstracts are formed from nouns and occasionally adjectives with ''-aća'', creating states or actions (e.g. ''ģevaća'' "divinity" < ''ģeva''), or ''-reda'' (e.g. ''brêćreda'' "confusion, disorder"), and from nouns alone by ''-sa'' (e.g. ''źisa'' "kingdom" < ''źi''). ''-dra'', ''-ja'' and ''-dud'' form abstracts from adjectives (e.g. ''daudra'' "goodness" < ''dava'', ''vêła'' "honesty" < ''vêla'', ''joucdud'' "youth" < ''jouca''). ''-da'' and ''-t'' are used to form abstracts from verbs (e.g. ''carda'' "love", ''cart'' "beloved").
+Abstracts are formed from nouns and occasionally adjectives with ''-aća'', creating states or actions (e.g. ''ģevaća'' "divinity" < ''ģeva''), or ''-reda'' (e.g. ''brêćreda'' "confusion, disorder"), and from nouns alone by ''-sa'' (e.g. ''źisa'' "kingdom" < ''źi''). ''-dra'', ''-ja'' and ''-dud'' form abstracts from adjectives (e.g. ''daudra'' "goodness" < ''dava'', ''vêĺa'' "honesty" < ''vêla'', ''joucdud'' "youth" < ''jouca''). ''-da'' and ''-t'' are used to form abstracts from verbs (e.g. ''carda'' "love", ''cart'' "beloved").
 ===Adjectives===
@@ Line 838: / Line 838: @@
 |how               = ćeta
 |not               = nă-
-|all               = ołida
+|all               = oĺida
 |many              = ela
 |some              = neuga
 |few               = aẑida
-|other             = ała
+|other             = aĺa
 |one               = vona
 |two               = da
@@ Line 886: / Line 886: @@
 |skin              = crońa
 |meat              = ńada
-|blood             = voła
+|blood             = voĺa
 |bone              = ńave
 |fat               = gerz
@@ Line 895: / Line 895: @@
 |hair              = vôta
 |head              = cena
-|ear               = łôsa
+|ear               = ĺôsa
 |eye               = lôda
 |nose              = trôna
@@ Line 904: / Line 904: @@
 |foot              = troud
 |leg               = gara
-|knee              = łuna
+|knee              = ĺuna
 |hand              = lava
 |wing              = ańe
@@ Line 913: / Line 913: @@
 |breast            = brô (n-stem)
 |heart             = cauda
-|liver             = seła
+|liver             = seĺa
 |drink             = ev-
 |eat               = ed-
@@ Line 924: / Line 924: @@
 |laugh             = saź-
 |see               = vel-
-|hear              = łô-
+|hear              = ĺô-
 |know              = vidra-
 |think             = abraz-
@@ Line 1,022: / Line 1,022: @@
 |far               = cela
 |right             = deuśa
-|left              = łeja
+|left              = ĺeja
 |at                = aś
 |in                = e
@@ Line 1,047: / Line 1,047: @@
 ! width="150px;" | Animals !! width="150px;" | Natural World !! width="150px;" | Society !! width="150px;" | Adjectives !! width="150px;" | Suffixes
 |-
-| ''Bleźa'' "wolf" <br> ''Braca'' "horse" <br> ''Crava'' "stag" <br> ''Cų,  Côn-'' "hound" <br> ''Euga'' "horse" <br>  ''Mada'' "horse" <br> ''Rata'' "bear" || ''Blada'' "flower" <br> ''Douna'' "world" <br> ''Dreta'' "strength" <br> ''Eja'' "type of tree"  <br> ''Eura'' "type of tree" <br> ''More'' "sea" <br> ''Rauta'' "silver" <br> ''Veza'' "tree" <br> ''Vrena'' "type of tree"  || ''Aźa'' "freeborn" <br> ''Mała'' "prince" <br> ''Mava'' "servant" <br> ''Teźna'' "lord" <br> ''Źi'' "sovereign" || ''Dava'' "good" <br> ''Cita'' "first" <br> ''Mara'' "great" <br> ''Viga'' "handsome, beautiful" <br> ''Vida'' "white, pure" || ''-ga'' "like" | ''-ńa'' diminutive <br> ''-ńava'' "knowing" <br> ''-vala'' "power (of)" <br> ''-vena'' "born (of)"
+| ''Bleźa'' "wolf" <br> ''Braca'' "horse" <br> ''Crava'' "stag" <br> ''Cų,  Côn-'' "hound" <br> ''Euga'' "horse" <br>  ''Mada'' "horse" <br> ''Rata'' "bear" || ''Blada'' "flower" <br> ''Douna'' "world" <br> ''Dreta'' "strength" <br> ''Eja'' "type of tree"  <br> ''Eura'' "type of tree" <br> ''More'' "sea" <br> ''Rauta'' "silver" <br> ''Veza'' "tree" <br> ''Vrena'' "type of tree"  || ''Aźa'' "freeborn" <br> ''Maĺa'' "prince" <br> ''Mava'' "servant" <br> ''Teźna'' "lord" <br> ''Źi'' "sovereign" || ''Dava'' "good" <br> ''Cita'' "first" <br> ''Mara'' "great" <br> ''Viga'' "handsome, beautiful" <br> ''Vida'' "white, pure" || ''-ga'' "like" | ''-ńa'' diminutive <br> ''-ńava'' "knowing" <br> ''-vala'' "power (of)" <br> ''-vena'' "born (of)"
 |}
 These elements are combined in pairs to form meaningful compounds. The first element of the compound usually loses its final vowel, e.g. ''Bleźmara'' "great wolf", ''Ratńa'' "little bear", ''Vidźi, Viģi'' "white king". The endings ''-ga, -ńa'' may be added to existing two-element names, e.g. ''Cônteźńa'' "little hound lord".
-All forenames are unisex and words such as ''mała'' "prince" or ''teźna'' "lord" are considered equally applicable to males and females.
+All forenames are unisex and words such as ''maĺa'' "prince" or ''teźna'' "lord" are considered equally applicable to males and females.
 ===Epithets===
 An epithet can refer to any distinguishing feature of a person and so can theoretically be almost any common noun, adjective or combination of the two. Common examples of epithets would be:
-* physical characteristics, referring to hair or skin colour (''dova'' "black, dark", ''vida'' "white", ''łeda'' "grey", ''dôna'' "brown"), defects (''ćaga'' "purblind, having one eye, glee-eyed", ''caba'' "crooked"), or other notable features (''baŭmara'' "big penis", ''drônga'' "big hands").
+* physical characteristics, referring to hair or skin colour (''dova'' "black, dark", ''vida'' "white", ''ĺeda'' "grey", ''dôna'' "brown"), defects (''ćaga'' "purblind, having one eye, glee-eyed", ''caba'' "crooked"), or other notable features (''bałmara'' "big penis", ''drônga'' "big hands").
 * mental characteristics or personality (''mala'' "bad, evil, corrupt", ''dava'' "good", ''mera'' "mad", ''cada'' "wise")
@@ Line 1,063: / Line 1,063: @@
 ===Family Names===
-Family names are formed from the name of a prominent ancestor by adding the suffix ''-eńa'' or ''-jana'', e.g. ''Ratvaleńa'' "descendants of ''Ratvala''", ''Craviģana'' "descendants of ''Craviga''". In some cases they may be formed from a person's epithet, e.g. ''Cabgeńa'' "descendants of ''Cabga''", ''Baŭmaźana'' "descendants of ''Baŭmara''".
+Family names are formed from the name of a prominent ancestor by adding the suffix ''-eńa'' or ''-jana'', e.g. ''Ratvaleńa'' "descendants of ''Ratvala''", ''Craviģana'' "descendants of ''Craviga''". In some cases they may be formed from a person's epithet, e.g. ''Cabgeńa'' "descendants of ''Cabga''", ''Bałmaźana'' "descendants of ''Bałmara''".
 ==Notes==

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Revision as of 16:46, 21 July 2016