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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Syntax
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* ''verazda menazda carde'' "the man loves the woman" | * ''verazda menazda carde'' "the man loves the woman" | ||
* '' | * ''Maĺgu edra vełse'' "Maĺgu saw a bird" | ||
Pronoun subjects are expressed as part of the verb and do not occur separately. | Pronoun subjects are expressed as part of the verb and do not occur separately. | ||
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Indirect objects are placed at the beginning or end of the SOV structure. | Indirect objects are placed at the beginning or end of the SOV structure. | ||
* ''ma aģi sevą vrăcanse | * ''ma aģi sevą vrăcanse pa mô'' "my father taught me to hunt" (hunting to me) | ||
* '' | * ''pa tejezdu ańanu ausetu'' "you went to the wrong house" | ||
Adjectives follow nouns. | Adjectives follow nouns. | ||
* '' | * ''cu mara'' "a large dog" | ||
* '' | * ''eba vida'' "a white horse" | ||
===Relative Sentences=== | ===Relative Sentences=== | ||
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* ''verazda carģa mi'' "the man who loves me" | * ''verazda carģa mi'' "the man who loves me" | ||
* '' | * ''ebazda teśśa'' "the horse which ran away" | ||
When the antecedent is the patient of the verb (which would usually be the direct object in English), the verb must be in the passive and the agent may be omitted or indicated by ''cate'' "by". The the order is Patient + Relative Passive Verb (+ ''cate'' + Agent): | When the antecedent is the patient of the verb (which would usually be the direct object in English), the verb must be in the passive and the agent may be omitted or indicated by ''cate'' "by". The the order is Patient + Relative Passive Verb (+ ''cate'' + Agent): | ||
* ''tejezda daisoŕa | * ''tejezda daisoŕa pa laruzdu mara jat'' "the house which burnt down was large" | ||
* '' | * ''cuzda magdoŕa cate mi dova es'' "the dog which I feed is black" (i.e. "which is fed by me") | ||
An alternative, more colloquial, way of expressing this is to place the relative clause as a normal SOV clause in apposition to the patient noun. The remainder of the main clause then follows after the resumptive pronoun ''so/se'', which agrees with the patient noun in number and case. The order here is: Patient + Subordinate clause + ''so/se'' + Object/Predicate + Verb | An alternative, more colloquial, way of expressing this is to place the relative clause as a normal SOV clause in apposition to the patient noun. The remainder of the main clause then follows after the resumptive pronoun ''so/se'', which agrees with the patient noun in number and case. The order here is: Patient + Subordinate clause + ''so/se'' + Object/Predicate + Verb | ||
* ''tejezda, daisore | * ''tejezda, daisore pa laruzdu, se mara jat'' "the house which burnt down was large (lit. "the house, it burnt down, that was large") | ||
* '' | * ''cuzda, e magdoremi, so dova es'' "the dog which I feed is black" (lit. "the dog, I feed it, that is black") | ||
This method of apposition is used where English uses a genitive or prepositional relative, e.g. | This method of apposition is used where English uses a genitive or prepositional relative, e.g. | ||