803
edits
Bźatga/History: Difference between revisions
→Outline History
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
The loss of distinctive vowel quantity during the Old Bźatga period led to the following vowel system: ''a, e, é, i, o, ó, u'', where ''é, ó'' represent /e, o/. Marked ''í, ú'' were often used to represent sequences of ''ii, uu'', e.g. ''dúo'' "black", ''ríe'' "kings". Iotisation continued to be marked with ''i'' after the consonant, e.g. Bźatga was written ''Briatéga'', ModBź. ''brańa'' "foul" was written ''brania'' (but in earlier texts also ''braina'' or ''brainia''). | The loss of distinctive vowel quantity during the Old Bźatga period led to the following vowel system: ''a, e, é, i, o, ó, u'', where ''é, ó'' represent /e, o/. Marked ''í, ú'' were often used to represent sequences of ''ii, uu'', e.g. ''dúo'' "black", ''ríe'' "kings". Iotisation continued to be marked with ''i'' after the consonant, e.g. Bźatga was written ''Briatéga'', ModBź. ''brańa'' "foul" was written ''brania'' (but in earlier texts also ''braina'' or ''brainia''). | ||
Nominal Inflection | ====Nominal Inflection==== | ||
Nouns are inflected for several classes, which show a greater degree of variation than the modern language. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! width="100;" | ''donia'' "man" !! width="100;" | ''more'' "sea" !! width="100;" | ''prédo'' "shape" !! width="100;" | ''troues'' "foot" || width="100;" | ''aú'' "river" || width="100;" | ''aua'' "name" || width="100;" | ''teia'' "house" || width="100;" | ''adir'' | ! !! width="100;" | ''donia'' "man" !! width="100;" | ''more'' "sea" !! width="100;" | ''prédo'' "shape" !! width="100;" | ''troues'' "foot" || width="100;" | ''aú'' "river" || width="100;" | ''aua'' "name" || width="100;" | ''teia'' "house" || width="100;" | ''adir'' "father" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nsg. || rowspan="2;" | ''donia'' || rowspan="4;" | ''more'' || rowspan="4;" | ''prédo'' || ''troues'' || ''aú'' || rowspan="2;" | ''aua'' || rowspan="2;" | ''teia'' || ''adir'' | | Nsg. || rowspan="2;" | ''donia'' || rowspan="4;" | ''more'' || rowspan="4;" | ''prédo'' || ''troues'' || ''aú'' || rowspan="2;" | ''aua'' || rowspan="2;" | ''teia'' || ''adir'' | ||
| Line 46: | Line 47: | ||
| Dpl. || ''donioua'' || ''moreua'' || ''trouedua'' || ''auova'' || ''auaua'' || ''teíeua'' || ''adréva'' | | Dpl. || ''donioua'' || ''moreua'' || ''trouedua'' || ''auova'' || ''auaua'' || ''teíeua'' || ''adréva'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Verbal Inflection==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! || colspan="3;" | Active || Deponent || Passive | |||
|- | |||
! !! width="100;" | ''caraue'' "I love" !! width="100;" | ''baziue'' "I drown" || ''caberu'' "I take" || width="100;" | ''sebur'' "I follow" || ''caradar'' "is loved" | |||
|- | |||
| Pres. Ind. || ''caraue'' <br> ''caraie'' <br> ''carade'' <br> ''caraua'' <br> ''carade'' <br> ''carat'' || ''baziue'' <br> ''bazíe'' <br> ''bazide'' <br> ''baziua'' <br> ''bazide'' <br> ''bazit'' || ''caberu'' <br> ''cabíe'' <br> ''cabere'' <br> ''caberoua'' <br> ''caberede'' <br> ''caberot'' || ''sebur'' <br> ''sebedar'' <br> ''sebedra'' <br> ''sebouar'' <br> ''sebeder'' <br> ''sebotra'' || - <br> - <br> ''caradar'' <br> - <br> - <br> ''caratar'' | |||
|- | |||
| Pret. Ind. || ''carasu'' <br> ''carase'' <br> ''carase'' <br> ''carasoua'' <br> ''carasede'' <br> ''carasot'' || ''bazisu'' <br> ''bazise'' <br> ''bazise'' <br> ''bazisoua'' <br> ''bazisede'' <br> ''bazisot'' || ''cabretu'' <br> ''cabrete'' <br> ''cabrete'' <br> ''cabretoue'' <br> ''cabretede'' <br> ''cabretot'' || ''sebesur'' <br> ''sebesar'' <br> ''sebestra'' <br> ''sebemar'' <br> ''sebeser'' <br> ''sebestra'' || | |||
|- | |||
| Pres. Subj. || ''cara'' <br> ''cara'' <br> ''cara'' <br> ''caraua'' <br> ''carade'' <br> ''carat'' || ''bazia'' <br> ''bazia'' <br> ''bazia'' <br> ''baziaua'' <br> ''baziade'' <br> ''baziat'' || ''caberra'' <br> ''caberra'' <br> ''caberra'' <br> ''caberraua'' <br> ''caberrade'' <br> ''caberrat'' || ''sesiur'' <br> ''sesietar'' <br> ''sesiedra'' <br> ''sesioura'' <br> ''sesieder'' <br> ''sesiotra'' || | |||
|- | |||
| Past Ptc. || ''carada'' || ''bazida'' || ''cabréda'' || ''sebida'' || | |||
|- | |||
| Pres Ptc. || ''carat'' || ''bazit'' || ''caberot'' || ''sebit'' || | |||
|- | |||
| Ptc. of Nec. || ''caradoia'' || ''bazidoia'' || ''cabretoia'' || ''sebidoia'' || | |||
|} | |||
A number of irregularities occur in the preterite such as reduplication and ablaut: | |||
* ''lieú'' "I hear": ''celioú, celioie, celioie, celiououe, celioiede'' | |||
* ''veziu'' "I pray": ''vaza, vaza, vaze, vazaue, vazade, vazar''. | |||
==Phonological History== | ==Phonological History== | ||