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=Phonology= | =Phonology= | ||
The phonology is shown below using the Latin mode. There are a Devanagari-derived mode, and an Arabic mode, and an attempt is being made to create a featural alphabet that draws graphically from all of them. | |||
==Consonants== | ==Consonants== | ||
| Line 9: | Line 11: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Labial !! | ! !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ||
|- | |||
| '''Voiced Stops''' || b || d || ḍ || j || g || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''Voiceless Stops''' || p || t || ṭ || c || k || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''Aspirated Stops''' || ph || th || ṭh || ch || kh || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''Implosive Stops''' || bh || dh || ḍh || jh || gh || qh || | |||
|- | |||
| '''Nasals''' || m || n || ṇ || ñ || ṅ || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''Plain Affricates''' || || ts || ṭṣ || cç || kx || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Plain | | '''Plain Fricatives''' || || s || ṣ || ç || x || || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Voiced Fricative''' || || || || || || || ḥ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Lateral Affricate''' || || tlh || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Lateral Fricative''' || || lh || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Trills''' || br || dr || || || gr || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Plain Click''' || || q || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Nasalized Click''' || || nq || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Lateralized Click''' || || lq || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Liquids''' || w || | | '''Rhotic Approximants''' || || r || ṛ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''Liquids''' || w || || || y || ħ || || | ||
|- | |||
| '''Lateral''' || || l || || || || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
'''Note:''' The implosive stops are voiced glottalic implosives, except ''qh'', which is voiceless. | |||
'''Note:''' Affricates and fricatives are unmarked for voicing (except ''h'' / ''ḥ''), but the "target" pronunciation is voiceless. | |||
==Vowels== | ==Vowels== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Written !! IPA | ! Written !! IPA | ||
| Line 55: | Line 75: | ||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
Syllable sequence in root words is strictly CV. Word structure is (V)?(CV)+(C)? Single-phoneme particles / glue- | Syllable sequence in root words is strictly CV. Word structure is (V)?(CV)+(C)? Single-phoneme particles / glue-word proclitics may be any non-obstuent, or any click. For instance, the noun class for languages is ''q-'', thus ''q-Br'ga'' or ''q-Iṅ'laṃ'' (vs ''al-Br'ga'' and ''al-Iṅ'laṃ'' for Br'ga Island and England respectively). The full set of adpositional and noun class proclitics will be covered below. | ||
===Final Nasalization=== | |||
In words ending with a vowel, that vowel may be nasalized by placing the letter ''ṃ'' after it, and this nasalization (and its mark) persist in compound words. | |||
The most common place that this marking is found is in ''heṃ'' and ''naheṃ'' the positive and negavite copulas. | |||
=Grammar= | |||
==Copulas== | |||
There are in fact many prefixed versions of ''heṃ'' with many different desiderative, optative, dubitative, meanings. | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! Form !! General meaning | |||
|- | |||
| ''heṃ'' || Yes / is | |||
|- | |||
| ''naheṃ'' || No / isn't | |||
|- | |||
| ''jiheṃ'' || Doubt | |||
|- | |||
| ''küheṃ'' || Want | |||
|- | |||
| ''ḥeheṃ'' || "Yesno?" | |||
|} | |||
=Vocabulary= | |||
==Noun Prefixes== | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! Prefix !! Meaning | |||
|- | |||
| ç || danger | |||
|- | |||
| lu || aquatic life | |||
|- | |||
| q || language | |||
|- | |||
| al || country | |||
|- | |||
| biṃ || female | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||