Burumbi: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
Burumbi is made to sound "African" | Burumbi is made to sound how Anglophones think "African" languages sound. As I am rather unlearned when it comes to linguistics the result is likely to be sketchy and uninspiring to others, but it is mainly for generating names and short phrases. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| | | | ||
| | | é {{IPA|/ə/}} | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is a consonant cluster in English. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is a consonant cluster in English. --> | ||
Syllables can take the following forms: | |||
*V({{IPA|ŋ}}) | |||
*CV({{IPA|ŋ}}) | |||
*NSV({{IPA|ŋ}}) | |||
*SwV({{IPA|ŋ}}) | |||
where V = vowel, C = consonant, N = the nasal vowels /m n/, and S = a stop or the consonants /s z ts/. Stress always falls on the penultimate syllable except in the case of ''é'', in which case it falls on the following one. | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Nouns are inflected for plurality and case. There are two forms of plurality: '''-du''', indicating a few, and '''-mè''' indicating many. The cases are: | |||
*''Nominative'' - unmarked, the subject of a sentence | |||
*''Accusative'' - the direct object of a sentence | |||
*''Genetive'' - signifies a relation to the direct object | |||
*''Possessive'' - signifies that the noun is the possessor of something else | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
!case!!suffix | |||
|- | |||
!Nominative | |||
|'''Ø''' | |||
|- | |||
!Accusative | |||
|'''-lè''' | |||
|- | |||
!Genetive | |||
|'''-de''' | |||
|- | |||
!Possessive | |||
|'''-do''' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Compound words are connected by dropping any final '''-V(ŋ)''' and adding the '''-o-''' infix. Inflections only fall on the end of the compound word. For example, the word for seaweed: '''reng mbila''' (water+leaf) → r<s>eng</s>-o-mbila → rombila → rombiladu, etc. Burumbi also has a large number of prefixes for word formation, such as '''oubo-''' (indicating largeness and roundness) + reng: ''ouboreng'' "lake". | |||
====Articles==== | |||
Nouns are automatically definite. An indefinite article, '''nka''', is used to signify non-particularity. '''Nka''' can take on the plural '''-du'''. | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives follow their nouns agree with them in case only. The nominative, genetive, and possessive are identical, '''-de'''. The accusative '''-lè'''. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
There are a large number of prefixes for verbs describing movement in great detail. They address directionality, but also specific kinds of movement. In addition, they can be compounded. For example, the compound prefix '''mzondè-''' (mzo- + dè) signifies a splitting and encirclement. Words like '''mzondèmanda''', describing a group splitting up and encircling something by walking, are formed this way. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
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<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:29, 20 January 2017
Background
Burumbi is made to sound how Anglophones think "African" languages sound. As I am rather unlearned when it comes to linguistics the result is likely to be sketchy and uninspiring to others, but it is mainly for generating names and short phrases.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b (p b) | t d (t d) | k g (k g) | |
| Affricate | ts (t͡s) | |||
| Fricative | s z (s z) | |||
| Nasal | m (m) | n (n) | ny (ɲ) | ng (ŋ) |
| Approximant | r l (ɹ l) | y (j) | w (w) |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | ||
| Mid | é /ə/ | |||
| Open mid | e /ɛ/ | |||
| Open | a /ɑ/ | |||
In addition to these vowels the diphthong o (oʊ) is used.
Orthography
Phonotactics
Syllables can take the following forms:
- V(ŋ)
- CV(ŋ)
- NSV(ŋ)
- SwV(ŋ)
where V = vowel, C = consonant, N = the nasal vowels /m n/, and S = a stop or the consonants /s z ts/. Stress always falls on the penultimate syllable except in the case of é, in which case it falls on the following one.
Grammar
Nouns
Nouns are inflected for plurality and case. There are two forms of plurality: -du, indicating a few, and -mè indicating many. The cases are:
- Nominative - unmarked, the subject of a sentence
- Accusative - the direct object of a sentence
- Genetive - signifies a relation to the direct object
- Possessive - signifies that the noun is the possessor of something else
| case | suffix |
|---|---|
| Nominative | Ø |
| Accusative | -lè |
| Genetive | -de |
| Possessive | -do |
Compound words are connected by dropping any final -V(ŋ) and adding the -o- infix. Inflections only fall on the end of the compound word. For example, the word for seaweed: reng mbila (water+leaf) → reng-o-mbila → rombila → rombiladu, etc. Burumbi also has a large number of prefixes for word formation, such as oubo- (indicating largeness and roundness) + reng: ouboreng "lake".
Articles
Nouns are automatically definite. An indefinite article, nka, is used to signify non-particularity. Nka can take on the plural -du.
Adjectives
Adjectives follow their nouns agree with them in case only. The nominative, genetive, and possessive are identical, -de. The accusative -lè.
Verbs
There are a large number of prefixes for verbs describing movement in great detail. They address directionality, but also specific kinds of movement. In addition, they can be compounded. For example, the compound prefix mzondè- (mzo- + dè) signifies a splitting and encirclement. Words like mzondèmanda, describing a group splitting up and encircling something by walking, are formed this way.