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Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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→Use of tenses: Past vs. Perfect
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In narrative, it is common to use the perfect for a completed action and the (aspectless) past for an action that begins immediately after (examples taken from the excerpt "[[#A_festive_day|A festive day]]", among the example texts on this page): | In narrative, it is common to use the perfect for a completed action and the (aspectless) past for an action that begins immediately after (examples taken from the excerpt "[[#A_festive_day|A festive day]]", among the example texts on this page): | ||
: ''naina mæn ～ domanom nañamṛca kautepuglek'' - "Naina ran<sub>PERF</sub> into the room [and] woke [us] up<sub>PAST</sub>" | : ''naina mæn ～ domanom nañamṛca kautepuglek'' - "Naina ran<sub>PERF</sub> into the room [and] woke [us] up<sub>PAST</sub>" | ||
: ''hālkenīs yanomųvima keikom namṛcñāja'' - "we jumped out<sub>PERF</sub> of the beds and ran<sub>PAST</sub> into the yard" | : ''hālkenīs yanomųvima keikom namṛcñāja'' - "we jumped out<sub>PERF</sub> of the beds [and] ran<sub>PAST</sub> into the yard" | ||
: ''tainā mæn yanelīsa pārṇami nacu ilakakte nainęs lā fuldek'' - "Tainā came out<sub>PERF</sub> [of the washing room], got dressed<sub>PERF</sub> for the day, and played<sub>PAST</sub> with Naina" | : ''tainā mæn yanelīsa pārṇami nacu ilakakte nainęs lā fuldek'' - "Tainā came out<sub>PERF</sub> [of the washing room], got dressed<sub>PERF</sub> for the day, [and] played<sub>PAST</sub> with Naina" | ||
Compare this other example from the same text where the last two verbs are both in the past because they're ''contemporaneous actions'': | Compare this other example from the same text where the last two verbs are both in the past because they're ''contemporaneous actions'': | ||
: ''nilāmulka mæn maildomanom nañelīsa tainā lili no ṣveye primirtaram ñumirlam'' - "Nilāmulka entered<sub>PERF</sub> the washing room and me and Tainā sit<sub>PAST</sub> behind the wall and waited<sub>PAST</sub>" | : ''nilāmulka mæn maildomanom nañelīsa tainā lili no ṣveye primirtaram ñumirlam'' - "Nilāmulka entered<sub>PERF</sub> the washing room and me and Tainā sit<sub>PAST</sub> behind the wall [and] waited<sub>PAST</sub>" | ||
====The optative mood==== | ====The optative mood==== | ||