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Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
→Verbs - Daradhūvī
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Finally, Chlouvānem has a large number of '''attributive''' and '''adverbial participles''', with forms for most voices and tenses and a distinction into '''modal adverbs''', '''homofocal gerundives''' and '''heterofocal gerundives'''. | Finally, Chlouvānem has a large number of '''attributive''' and '''adverbial participles''', with forms for most voices and tenses and a distinction into '''modal adverbs''', '''homofocal gerundives''' and '''heterofocal gerundives'''. | ||
====Verb classes==== | |||
Verbs, in Chlouvānem, are conjugated depending on ''verb classes'' or ''conjugations''. There are five main patterns: | |||
* '''a-root''', or '''thematic''': the most basic and regular, formed by adding '''a''' to the root before non-vocalic endings. | |||
* '''Athematic''': as above, without '''a'''; endings are added directly to the root. | |||
* '''Ablauting root''': formed by the root with ablaut changes in its main vowel, plus '''a''' before non-vocalic endings. | |||
** '''Athematic ablauting root''': a small subset conjugating as above, but without '''a'''. | |||
* '''nā/nī verbs''': verbs which add '''nā''' ('''na''' in some forms) or '''nī''', or nothing, to the root depending on form. | |||
* '''ah verbs''': verbs which add '''-ah''' (or its allomorphs '''-ar''', '''-aš''', '''-ą''') to the root. | |||
There are, in addition to these, a few particular verb types with either some kind of suffix added to the root in some forms, or irregular ablaut, or totally irregular (usually suppletive). The majority of verbs, anyway, is either ''thematic'' or ''thematic ablauting''. | |||
====Present indicative==== | |||
=====Regular===== | |||
The regular present indicative has a distinct form for all verb types.<br/>Ablauting verbs have ''middle grade'' ablaut in all exterior forms and in the singular interior ones.<br/>nā/nī verbs have ''-nā'' in singular and plural and ''-nī'' in the dual. | |||
Exterior forms: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Person !! nāmvake "to crush, press"<br/>(a-root) !! halke "to call"<br/>(athem.) !! mišake "to see"<br/>(ablaut) !! khlunāke "to search, look for"<br/>(nā/nī) !! lilke "to live"<br/>(ah) | |||
|- | |||
| 1SG || nāmv'''u''' || hal'''u''' || meš'''u''' || khlu'''nau''' || lil'''ah''' | |||
|- | |||
| 2SG || nāmv'''i''' || hal'''i''' || meš'''i''' || khlu'''nāði''' || lil'''aši''' | |||
|- | |||
| 3SG || nāmv'''ė''' || hal'''ė''' || meš'''ė''' || khlu'''nā''' || lil'''ah''' | |||
|- | |||
| 1DU || nāmv'''odām''' || hal'''dām''' || meš'''odām''' || khlu'''nīdām''' || lil'''ardām''' | |||
|- | |||
| 2DU || nāmv'''odās''' || hal'''dās''' || meš'''odās''' || khlu'''nīdās''' || lil'''ardās''' | |||
|- | |||
| 3DU || nāmv'''odāvo''' || hal'''dāvo''' || meš'''odāvo''' || khlu'''nīdāvo''' || lil'''ardāvo''' | |||
|- | |||
| 1PL || nāmv'''amui''' || hal'''mui''' || meš'''amui''' || khlu'''nāmui''' || lil'''ąmui''' | |||
|- | |||
| 2PL || nāmv'''akui''' || hal'''kui''' || meš'''akui''' || khlu'''nākui''' || lil'''ąkui''' | |||
|- | |||
| 3PL || nāmv'''yąt''' || hal'''yąt''' || meš'''yąt''' || khlu'''nāyąt''' || lil'''ašąt''' | |||
|} | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||