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Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs: Difference between revisions
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Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs (view source)
Revision as of 12:25, 23 January 2021
, 23 January 2021→Interior-only verbs
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The "uncontrollable third party" causes the verb to be interior; compare also the following sentence: | The "uncontrollable third party" causes the verb to be interior; compare also the following sentence: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = geiras voldvē pṝsparšvē no ! haleyirati gu dradhvute ša : nusmētte sāmyåh nālyom | | phrase = geiras voldvē pṝsparšvē no ! haleyirati gu dradhvute ša : nusmētte sāmyåh nālyom kulugite. | ||
| gloss = door.<small>DIR.SG</small>. open-<small>FREQ-IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. close-<small>FREQ.IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. and. — be_calm.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. <small>NEG</small>=manage_to.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>=<small>NEG</small>. – stop.<small>SUBJ.PERF-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. <small>2SG.GEN-DAT</small>. male's_younger_brother-<small>DAT.SG</small>. say-<small>OPT.IMPF-2SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | | gloss = door.<small>DIR.SG</small>. open-<small>FREQ-IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. close-<small>FREQ.IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. and. — be_calm.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. <small>NEG</small>=manage_to.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>=<small>NEG</small>. – stop.<small>SUBJ.PERF-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. <small>2SG.GEN-DAT</small>. male's_younger_brother-<small>DAT.SG</small>. say-<small>OPT.IMPF-2SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | ||
| translation = The door keeps being opened and closed! I can't have any peace, tell your brother to stop [doing] it! | | translation = The door keeps being opened and closed! I can't have any peace, tell your brother to stop [doing] it! | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = galtāt miṣyirde, | | phrase = galtāt miṣyirde, mruṣṭhugi! | ||
| gloss = mug.<small>DIR.DU</small>. be_hot.<small>CONTACT.IND.PRES-3DU.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. be_careful-<small>OPT.IMPF-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | | gloss = mug.<small>DIR.DU</small>. be_hot.<small>CONTACT.IND.PRES-3DU.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. be_careful-<small>OPT.IMPF-2SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | ||
| translation = The two mugs are hot, be careful! | | translation = The two mugs are hot, be careful! | ||
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Other interior-only verbs include: | Other interior-only verbs include: | ||
* ''dumyake'' — "to cherish, deeply appreciate" (+ genitive case (or exessive case, archaic today)) | * ''dumyake'' — "to cherish, deeply appreciate" (+ genitive case (or exessive case, archaic today)) | ||
* ''ghṇāke'' — "to guard against, beware, avoid" (+ genitive case)<ref>While only used as interior today, it is used as an exterior verb twice in the Third Book of the Chlāmiṣvatrā and six times in the Lileṃsasarum (in the broadest possible definition). However, in those texts it still coexists with the interior form used with the same meaning; it is possible that the difference was dialectal.</ref> | |||
* ''kyobge'' — "to forget" (+ genitive case) (but the more common ''inābake'', also intransitive, isn't) | * ''kyobge'' — "to forget" (+ genitive case) (but the more common ''inābake'', also intransitive, isn't) | ||
* ''ñumike'' — "to wait" (+ translative case) | * ''ñumike'' — "to wait" (+ translative case) | ||