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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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:: '''Genitive''' (''cārūkire dirūnnevya'')
| :: '''Genitive''' (''cārūkire dirūnnevya'')
| ||
:: '''Translative''' (''najamarcūkire dirūnnevya'')
| :: '''Translative''' (''najamarcūkire dirūnnevya'')
| ||
:: '''Exessive''' ('' | :: '''Exessive''' (''nanijamarcūkire dirūnnevya'') | ||
:: '''Essive''' (''jalausire dirūnnevya'') | :: '''Essive''' (''jalausire dirūnnevya'') | ||
:: '''Dative''' (''męlyausire dirūnnevya'') | :: '''Dative''' (''męlyausire dirūnnevya'') | ||
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Chlouvānem has an extensive system of derivational morphology, with many possibilities of deriving words from verbal roots and even from other nouns. | Chlouvānem has an extensive system of derivational morphology, with many possibilities of deriving words from verbal roots and even from other nouns. | ||
===Compounds=== | ===Compounds=== | ||
Chlouvānem, like Sanskrit, has four main types of compound words (''tadmaiva'', pl. ''tadmaivai''), called in Chlouvānem grammar ''emibądanīs'' (dvandva), '' | Chlouvānem, like Sanskrit, has four main types of compound words (''tadmaiva'', pl. ''tadmaivai''), called in Chlouvānem grammar ''emibądanīs'' (dvandva), ''ṭvādaradhausire tadmaiva'' (avyayībhāva), ''nīdhvakādhūs'' (tatpuruṣa), and ''kaudhvakādhūs'' (bahuvrīhi). | ||
====Dvandva (''emibądanīs'')==== | ====Dvandva (''emibądanīs'')==== | ||
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: ''lācāh kraṣṭāmita no lillāmita no demigretas no lelyēmita no'' "love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family" → ''lācākraṣṭāmitālillāmitādemigretālelyēmitai'' "love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family" | : ''lācāh kraṣṭāmita no lillāmita no demigretas no lelyēmita no'' "love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family" → ''lācākraṣṭāmitālillāmitādemigretālelyēmitai'' "love, fidelity, devotion, sacrifice, and family" | ||
====Avyayībhāva ('' | ====Avyayībhāva (''ṭvādaradhausire tadmaiva'')==== | ||
Avyayībhāva compounds, in Chlouvānem '' | Avyayībhāva compounds, in Chlouvānem ''ṭvādaradhausirāhe tadmaivai'' ("adverbial compounds"), are not as productive as the other types and, in fact, except for a few words they're mostly limited to Archaic and Classical Chlouvānem; despite being based on the latter, modern Chlouvānem does not use them productively (but see ''nīpenai'' below).<br/>These compounds generally have a first element which is a particle (or a verbal prefix), and the second element is a noun which is either left uninflected in the direct singular or, more commonly, in the two Archaic Chlouvānem adverbializing cases: the instrumental plural or the locative singular. | ||
: ''sam + jildas'' "after + act" → *sañjildas → ''sañjilde'' "consequently" | : ''sam + jildas'' "after + act" → *sañjildas → ''sañjilde'' "consequently" | ||
: ''naš(e) + sṝva'' "full, complete + extent" → *nakṣṝva → ''nakṣṝve'' "as much as possible" | : ''naš(e) + sṝva'' "full, complete + extent" → *nakṣṝva → ''nakṣṝve'' "as much as possible" | ||
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* ''ān- 〜 yana-'' - on, above | * ''ān- 〜 yana-'' - on, above | ||
* ''šu- 〜 šer-'' - under, below | * ''šu- 〜 šer-'' - under, below | ||
* '' | * ''ṭvā- 〜 ṭus-'' - between | ||
* ''gin- 〜 ją-'' - among | * ''gin- 〜 ją-'' - among | ||
* ''nī- 〜 ani-'' - within/from within inside | * ''nī- 〜 ani-'' - within/from within inside | ||
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* ''bis- 〜 bara-'' - far, away | * ''bis- 〜 bara-'' - far, away | ||
* ''tad-'' <small>(''tata-'' before '''l''')</small> ''〜 tasi-'' - attached to; against | * ''tad-'' <small>(''tata-'' before '''l''')</small> ''〜 tasi-'' - attached to; against | ||
* ''įs- 〜 | * ''įs- 〜 įṣu-'' - hanging | ||
* ''na(ñ)- 〜 | * ''na(ñ)- 〜 nani-'' - inside | ||
* ''kau- 〜 kuvi-'' - outside | * ''kau- 〜 kuvi-'' - outside | ||
* ''viṣ- 〜 vyeṣa-'' - opposite; somewhere else | * ''viṣ- 〜 vyeṣa-'' - opposite; somewhere else | ||
* ''kami- 〜 kįla-'' - around | * ''kami- 〜 kįla-'' - around | ||
* ''pri- 〜 | * ''pri- 〜 prā-'' - behind | ||
* ''mai- 〜 mīram-'' - in front of | * ''mai- 〜 mīram-'' - in front of | ||
* ''vai- 〜 vǣ-'' - in a corner; bordering; at the limit | * ''vai- 〜 vǣ-'' - in a corner; bordering; at the limit | ||