Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs: Difference between revisions

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The morphologically easiest is to simply attach the positional prefix in front of the verb and express that position with the locative, so for example we have:
The morphologically easiest is to simply attach the positional prefix in front of the verb and express that position with the locative, so for example we have:
: ''lilǣ dvārme nateyašu'' "I read in my room".
{{Gloss
: ''lilǣ dvārme natekilmim'' "we talk in my room".
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme nateyašu.
 
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. read.in.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
However, while always correct, there may be some ambiguities because of the use of positional prefixes as derivational ones: the latter example shows one of these ambiguities, as ''nakulke'' means both "to talk (in somewhere)" and "to begin to talk/speak". Another strategy, very common in speech, is to use the appropriate positional verb followed by the action verb. This has the advantage of showing the type of position:
| translation = I read in my room.
: ''lilǣ dvārme nañotu yašute'' "I read while laying in my room" (note that "to lay in one's room" idiomatically means "to lay on the bed").
}}
: ''lilǣ dvārme namerįm kilmiṃte'' "we talk while sitting in my room".
{{Gloss
 
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme natekilmim.
The third strategy, correct but more proper in formal writings than in speech is to put the position as the derived noun (in ''-timas'' / ''-mirtas'' / ''-utis'') in the locative and the location in the genitive:
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. talk.in.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
: ''lilyai dvārmi nañutye yašute'' "I read while laying in my room" (lit. "in a sitting position in the inside of my room").
| translation = We talk in my room.
: ''lilyai dvārmi namirte kilmiṃte'' "we talk while sitting in my room".
}}
 
Such structures are very common, and still distinguish relative and absolute positions:
{{Gloss
| phrase = jāyīk grembātatālunaih keike kitat priteħildāhai.
| gloss = girl-<small>DIR.PL</small>. hide_and_seek-<small>ACC.PL</small>. garden-<small>LOC.SG</small>. house-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. play.behind.<small>IND.PRES-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
| translation = The girls are playing hide-and-seek in the garden behind the house.
}}
However, while always correct, there may be some ambiguities because of the use of positional prefixes as derivational ones: the second example of the first set shows one of these ambiguities, as ''nakulke'' means both "to talk (in somewhere)" and "to begin to talk/speak". Another strategy, very common in speech, is to use the appropriate positional verb followed by the action verb. This has the advantage of showing the type of position:
{{Gloss
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme nañotu yašute.
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. lie.in.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. read.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
| translation = I read while laying in my room (= on my bed).
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme namermim kilmiṃte.
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. sit.in.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. talk.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
| translation = We talk while sitting in my room.
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = jāyīk kitat pritimāhai keike grembātatālunaih ħildāhaite.
| gloss = girl-<small>DIR.PL</small>. house-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. stand.in.<small>IND.PRES-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. garden-<small>LOC.SG</small>. hide_and_seek-<small>ACC.PL</small>. play.<small>IND.PRES-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
| translation = The girls are behind the house; they play hide-and-seek in the garden.
}}
A third strategy, correct but more proper in formal writings than in speech is to put the position as the derived noun (in ''-timas'' / ''-mirtas'' / ''-utis'') in the locative and the location in the genitive:
{{Gloss
| phrase = lilyai dvārmi nañutye yašute.
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-GEN</small>. room-<small>GEN.SG</small>. lying_position_inside-<small>LOC.SG</small>. read.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
| translation = I read while laying in my room. (lit.: "in a lying position in the inside of my room")
}}
{{Gloss
| phrase = lilyai dvārmi namirte kilmiṃte.
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-GEN</small>. room-<small>GEN.SG</small>. sitting_position_inside-<small>LOC.SG</small>. talk.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>.
| translation = We talk while sitting in my room.
}}
Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ūtime/ūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire").
Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ūtime/ūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire").


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