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The morphologically easiest is to simply attach the positional prefix in front of the verb and express that position with the locative, so for example we have: | The morphologically easiest is to simply attach the positional prefix in front of the verb and express that position with the locative, so for example we have: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme nateyašu. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. read.in.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
However, while always correct, there may be some ambiguities because of the use of positional prefixes as derivational ones: the | | translation = I read in my room. | ||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme natekilmim. | |||
The third strategy, correct but more proper in formal writings than in speech is to put the position as the derived noun (in ''-timas'' / ''-mirtas'' / ''-utis'') in the locative and the location in the genitive: | | gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. talk.in.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | ||
| translation = We talk in my room. | |||
}} | |||
Such structures are very common, and still distinguish relative and absolute positions: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = jāyīk grembātatālunaih keike kitat priteħildāhai. | |||
| gloss = girl-<small>DIR.PL</small>. hide_and_seek-<small>ACC.PL</small>. garden-<small>LOC.SG</small>. house-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. play.behind.<small>IND.PRES-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = The girls are playing hide-and-seek in the garden behind the house. | |||
}} | |||
However, while always correct, there may be some ambiguities because of the use of positional prefixes as derivational ones: the second example of the first set shows one of these ambiguities, as ''nakulke'' means both "to talk (in somewhere)" and "to begin to talk/speak". Another strategy, very common in speech, is to use the appropriate positional verb followed by the action verb. This has the advantage of showing the type of position: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme nañotu yašute. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. lie.in.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. read.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = I read while laying in my room (= on my bed). | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilǣ dvārme namermim kilmiṃte. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-LOC</small>. room-<small>LOC.SG</small>. sit.in.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. talk.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = We talk while sitting in my room. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = jāyīk kitat pritimāhai keike grembātatālunaih ħildāhaite. | |||
| gloss = girl-<small>DIR.PL</small>. house-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. stand.in.<small>IND.PRES-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. garden-<small>LOC.SG</small>. hide_and_seek-<small>ACC.PL</small>. play.<small>IND.PRES-3PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = The girls are behind the house; they play hide-and-seek in the garden. | |||
}} | |||
A third strategy, correct but more proper in formal writings than in speech is to put the position as the derived noun (in ''-timas'' / ''-mirtas'' / ''-utis'') in the locative and the location in the genitive: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilyai dvārmi nañutye yašute. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-GEN</small>. room-<small>GEN.SG</small>. lying_position_inside-<small>LOC.SG</small>. read.<small>IND.PRES-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = I read while laying in my room. (lit.: "in a lying position in the inside of my room") | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lilyai dvārmi namirte kilmiṃte. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN-GEN</small>. room-<small>GEN.SG</small>. sitting_position_inside-<small>LOC.SG</small>. talk.<small>IND.PRES-1PL.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = We talk while sitting in my room. | |||
}} | |||
Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ūtime/ūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire"). | Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ūtime/ūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire"). | ||
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