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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = jāyim palyu junikte : ni | | phrase = jāyim palyu junikte : ni nanichladirya meinei muṣkemālchek. | ||
| gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PAST-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. – but. hurry.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-3SG.INTERIOR</small>. mother-<small>ERG.SG</small>. ask-<small>INF</small>-run.<small>MULTIDIR-IND.PAST-3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | | gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PAST-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. – but. hurry.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-3SG.INTERIOR</small>. mother-<small>ERG.SG</small>. ask-<small>INF</small>-run.<small>MULTIDIR-IND.PAST-3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | ||
| translation = The girl was painting her [own] face, but her mother kept asking her to hurry. | | translation = The girl was painting her [own] face, but her mother kept asking her to hurry. | ||
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===Stative cases=== | ===Stative cases=== | ||
The three stative cases of Chlouvānem are the translative (''najamarcūkire dirūnnevya''), exessive ('' | The three stative cases of Chlouvānem are the translative (''najamarcūkire dirūnnevya''), exessive (''nanijamarcūkire ~''), and essive (''jalausire ~'') ones, prototypically referring to entrance, exit, and permanence in a given state. | ||
Often, these meanings correlate to nominal tense, with the exessive expressing a past state, the essive a present one, and the translative another in the future: | Often, these meanings correlate to nominal tense, with the exessive expressing a past state, the essive a present one, and the translative another in the future: | ||
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Structures corresponding to those formed with subordinating conjunctions in most European languages are also not reduced, and built by using the appropriate correlative in the sentence that corresponds to the main clause in those languages. For example, a temporal correlative "when [S1], [S2]" is realized as "[S1], then, [S2]" as in the sentence given below: | Structures corresponding to those formed with subordinating conjunctions in most European languages are also not reduced, and built by using the appropriate correlative in the sentence that corresponds to the main clause in those languages. For example, a temporal correlative "when [S1], [S2]" is realized as "[S1], then, [S2]" as in the sentence given below: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = lilyā ñæltah līlekhaitom tesmudhiṣya ātiya lei lairkeikom | | phrase = lilyā ñæltah līlekhaitom tesmudhiṣya ātiya lei lairkeikom lāvasiṣya. | ||
| gloss = <small>1SG.GEN.DIR </small>. male's_sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. Līlekhaitē-<small>DAT</small>. depart_with_plane-<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. then. <small>1S.ERG</small>. airport-<small>DAT.SG</small>. go_with.<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | | gloss = <small>1SG.GEN.DIR </small>. male's_sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. Līlekhaitē-<small>DAT</small>. depart_with_plane-<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. then. <small>1S.ERG</small>. airport-<small>DAT.SG</small>. go_with.<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | ||
| translation = When my sister takes the plane to Līlekhaitē, I will go with her to the airport. | | translation = When my sister takes the plane to Līlekhaitē, I will go with her to the airport. | ||
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===Concession clauses=== | ===Concession clauses=== | ||
The typical way of building a concession clause ('' | The typical way of building a concession clause (''ṭvāketanęs kulkāram'') is by simply coordinating two clauses with '''ni''' (but): | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = yaivita tattekilē, nelyęru nanau ni ukulāltaṃte. | | phrase = yaivita tattekilē, nelyęru nanau ni ukulāltaṃte. | ||