803
edits
Cumbraek: Difference between revisions
→Prepositions
| Line 1,011: | Line 1,011: | ||
===Prepositions=== | ===Prepositions=== | ||
Many common prepositions are 'conjugated' according to person and number, i.e. there are individual personal forms for each of the personal pronouns (e.g. ''amdanav'' "about me", ''in i vlen'' "in front of him". There are two forms of preposition which undergo this 'conjugation': | |||
# simple prepositions, which are single word prepositions that take personal endings | |||
# compound prepositions, which consist of a simple preposition + a nominal element and are 'conjugated' by infixing possessive adjectives | |||
====Simple==== | ====Simple==== | ||
The simple prepositions belong to one of three stem classes (a-, o- or i-stem), which govern the endings added to the stem. The preposition ''du'' "to" is irregular. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
| Line 1,021: | Line 1,026: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <br> stem: <br> 1sg <br> 2sg <br> 3sg m <br> 3sg f <br> 1pl <br> 2pl <br> 3pl | ! <br> stem: <br> 1sg <br> 2sg <br> 3sg m <br> 3sg f <br> 1pl <br> 2pl <br> 3pl | ||
| '''''amm'' 'about'''' <br> ''amdan- <br> amdanav <br> amdanat <br> amdano <br> amdeni <br> amdanamm <br> | | '''''amm'' 'about'''' <br> ''amdan- <br> amdanav <br> amdanat <br> amdano <br> amdeni <br> amdanamm <br> amdanach <br> amdandhou'' | ||
| '''''gant'' 'with'''' <br> ''gan- <br> geniv <br> genit <br> gantho <br> genthi <br> geninn <br> | | '''''gant'' 'with'''' <br> ''gan- <br> geniv <br> genit <br> gantho <br> genthi <br> geninn <br> genich <br> ganthou'' | ||
| style="width: 170px; " | '''''heb'' 'without'''' <br> ''heb- <br> hebov <br> hebot <br> hebdho <br> hebdhi <br> hebonn <br> | | style="width: 170px; " | '''''heb'' 'without'''' <br> ''heb- <br> hebov <br> hebot <br> hebdho <br> hebdhi <br> hebonn <br> heboch <br> hebdhou'' | ||
| style="width: 170px; " | '''''is'' 'below'''' <br> ''iss- <br> issov <br> issot <br> isto <br> isti <br> issonn <br> | | style="width: 170px; " | '''''is'' 'below'''' <br> ''iss- <br> issov <br> issot <br> isto <br> isti <br> issonn <br> issoch <br> istou'' | ||
| '''''du'' 'to'''' <br> ''du- <br> | | '''''du'' 'to'''' <br> ''du- <br> dum <br> dut <br> dudho <br> dudhi <br> dun <br> duwch <br> dudhou | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,036: | Line 1,041: | ||
====Compound==== | ====Compound==== | ||
Compound prepositions are generally written as a single word divided by an apostrophe and are stressed on the second (nominal) element, e.g. ''im'misk'' "amongst", ''du'vri'' "up". The word ''erbinn'' "against" is an exception to this rule. | |||
Compound prepositions are 'conjugated' by separating the elements and infixing a possessive adjective before the nominal element. The forms of ''im'misk'' would therefore be: ''im mu misk, in de misk, in i visk, in i misk, in an misk, in ach misk, in ow misk''. The main compound prepositions are shown below, with their meaning and separate elements: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 150px; " |Compound | |||
! style="width: 150px; " |Meaning | |||
! style="width: 100px; " |Element 1 | |||
! style="width: 150px; " |Element 2 | |||
|- | |||
| ''amm'gerchin'' | |||
| around | |||
| ''amm''<sup>L</sup> | |||
| ''cerchin'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''du'bant'' | |||
| down | |||
| rowspan="3;" | ''du''<sup>L</sup> | |||
| ''pant'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''du'vri'' | |||
| up | |||
| ''bri'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''du'woeret'' | |||
| down | |||
| ''goeret'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''er'moon'' | |||
| for the sake of | |||
| ''er'' | |||
| ''moon'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''erbinn'' | |||
| against | |||
| ''ar''<sup>L</sup> | |||
| ''penn'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''im'medhun'' | |||
| inside, within | |||
| rowspan="6;" | ''in''<sup>N</sup> | |||
| ''medhun'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''im'misk'' | |||
| among | |||
| ''misk'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''im'mlen'' | |||
| in front of | |||
| ''blen'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''in'le'' | |||
| instead of | |||
| ''le'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''in'woodh'' | |||
| before | |||
| ''goodh'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''in'edrip'' | |||
| because of | |||
| ''edrip'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''o'benn'' | |||
| from against | |||
| rowspan="4;" | ''o''<sup>L</sup> | |||
| ''penn'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''o'rann'' | |||
| on behalf of | |||
| ''rann'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''o'vedhun'' | |||
| from within | |||
| ''medhun'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''o'visk'' | |||
| from amongst | |||
| ''misk'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''tra'chevin'' | |||
| behind | |||
| ''tra''<sup>S</sup> | |||
| ''cevin'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''war'benn'' | |||
| on top of | |||
| rowspan="2;" | ''war''<sup>L</sup> | |||
| ''penn'' | |||
|- | |||
| ''war'lorr'' | |||
| after, behind | |||
| ''lorr'' | |||
|} | |||
===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== | ||