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Cumbraek: Difference between revisions
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'''''Gwreyth''''' "do, make" follows the conjugation of ''munet'' in the Present, Imperfect, Imperative and Pluperfect, using the stems ''gwra-'' and ''gwrel-'' (''gwrav, gwraun, gwra, gwrelsun''). The Preterite is formed regularly on the stem ''gwroug-'' but with 3sg forms ''gorow'' and ''gwrayth''. | '''''Gwreyth''''' "do, make" follows the conjugation of ''munet'' in the Present, Imperfect, Imperative and Pluperfect, using the stems ''gwra-'' and ''gwrel-'' (''gwrav, gwraun, gwra, gwrelsun''). The Preterite is formed regularly on the stem ''gwroug-'' but with 3sg forms ''gorow'' and ''gwrayth''. | ||
====Verb Noun==== | |||
The verb noun is an important feature of Cumbraek grammar with functions of both a noun and a verb. As a noun, all verb nouns are masculine except ''bot'' "be" and its compounds (e.g. ''devot'' "come", ''goobot'' "know", ''cuvarvot'' "meet" etc.), which are feminine. Like any other noun, a verb noun may be: | |||
* preceded by a determiner such as the article ''er'' "the", a pronoun or a possessive or interrogative adjective, e.g. ''er dadlo'' "the arguing", ''i gluwet'' "his hearing". | |||
* qualified by an adjective, e.g. ''cano didon'' "tuneless singing". | |||
* the subject or object of a sentence, e.g. ''muko is druk'' "smoking is bad", ''a hellidh gano?'' "can you sing?" | |||
The main function of the verb noun as a verb is in the '''progressive idiom''', which denotes specifically ongoing action. This is formed using the present or imperfect of ''bot'' + the particle ''in'' + the verb noun, e.g. ''mi oov in péntya'' "I'm painting", ''edh aidh in tuvo'' "it was growing". 3rd person subjects use ''ema, emant'' in this structure, e.g. ''ema'r gur in dringo'' "the man is climbing", ''emant in gwreyth marak'' "they are making haggis". The future and subjunctive tenses of ''bot'' may also be used in this structure, but this is less common. | |||
Another function of the verb noun as a verb is to replace a finite verb when the tense and subject have already been stated, e.g. ''Ni aytham du'r trayth a novya in er mor ag esset houven-ya'' "We went to the beach and swam in the sea and ate ice-cream". | |||
The object of a verb noun is in the genitive case, i.e. a noun object follows the verb noun directly and a pronoun object precedes as a possessive adjective, e.g. ''Mi mennun de welet'' "I would like to see you" (i.e. "your seeing"), ''Hi gall lavro Cumbraek'' "she can speak Cumbraek". | |||
===Verbal Particles=== | ===Verbal Particles=== | ||