3,044
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(Cleaning up a little more.) |
(→Phonology: Removing useless letter) |
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Line 196: | Line 196: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ' | | ' | ||
| <i>нруцӕфих | | <i>нруцӕфих пӀалєчһа</i> | ||
| /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx | | /{{IPA|nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼalot͡ʃħa}}/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| і | | і | ||
| /ʲi/ | | /ʲi/ | ||
| <i> | | <i>пӀалєчһих і</i> | ||
| /{{IPA| | | /{{IPA|pʼalot͡ʃħɪx iː}}/ | ||
| İ i | | İ i | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 351: | Line 351: | ||
| ң | | ң | ||
| /◌̃/ | | /◌̃/ | ||
| <i>р'ьәњӕы эң</i> or <i> | | <i>р'ьәњӕы эң</i> or <i> пӀалєчһих эң</i> | ||
| /{{IPA|rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃}}/ or /{{IPA| | | /{{IPA|rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃}}/ or /{{IPA|pʼalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃}}/ | ||
| Ņ ņ | | Ņ ņ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ц | | ц | ||
| /t͡n̥/~[θ] | | /t͡n̥/~[θ] | ||
| <i> | | <i>цөд</i> | ||
| /{{IPA| | | /{{IPA|t͡n̥ɞt̬}}/ | ||
| C c | | C c | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 462: | Line 462: | ||
| /{{IPA|es}}/ | | /{{IPA|es}}/ | ||
| S s | | S s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ж | | ж | ||
Line 553: | Line 547: | ||
|+ | Danterške consonant phonemes | |+ | Danterške consonant phonemes | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan | ! colspan=2| | ||
! | ! [[:w:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]] | ||
! | ! [[:w:Denti-alveolar consonant|Denti-alveolar]] | ||
! | ! [[:w:Postalveolar consonant|Palato-alveolar]] | ||
! | ! [[:w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | ||
! | ! [[:w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ||
! | ! [[:w:Guttural consonant|Guttural]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2| [[:w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ! colspan=2| [[:w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
| {{IPA|ɱ}} (м) | | {{IPA|ɱ}} (м) | ||
| {{IPA|n}} (н) | | {{IPA|n}} (н) | ||
| | | | ||
| {{IPA|ɲ}} (њ) | | {{IPA|ɲ}} (њ) | ||
Line 574: | Line 564: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3| [[:w:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | ! rowspan=3| [[:w:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | ||
! {{small|[[:w:Fortis and lenis|lenis]]}} | ! {{small|[[:w:Fortis and lenis|lenis]]}} | ||
| {{IPA|p̬}} (б) | | {{IPA|p̬}} (б) | ||
| {{IPA|t̬}} (д) | | {{IPA|t̬}} (д) | ||
| | | | ||
| {{IPA|c̬}} (ђ) | | {{IPA|c̬}} (ђ) | ||
| {{IPA|k̬}} (г) | | {{IPA|k̬}} (г) | ||
| {{IPA|ʡ}} (Ӏ,') | |||
|- | |- | ||
! {{small|[[:w:Ejective consonant|ejective]]}} | ! {{small|[[:w:Ejective consonant|ejective]]<small><ref name=d group=note>Ejectives are phonemically and graphically considered sequences of Cʡ, however they are listed here to demonstrate all permissible sequences</ref></small>}} | ||
| {{IPA|pʼ}} (пӀ) | | {{IPA|pʼ}} (пӀ) | ||
| {{IPA|tʼ}} (тӀ) | | {{IPA|tʼ}} (тӀ) | ||
| {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (чӀ) | | {{IPA|t͡ʃʼ}} (чӀ) | ||
| {{IPA|cʼ}} (ћӀ) | | {{IPA|cʼ}} (ћӀ) | ||
| {{IPA|kʼ}} (кӀ) | | {{IPA|kʼ}} (кӀ) | ||
| {{IPA|qʼ}} (ҝӀ) | | {{IPA|qʼ}} (ҝӀ) | ||
|- | |||
! {{small|[[:w:Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}} | |||
| {{IPA|pʰ}} (п) | |||
| {{IPA|tʰ}} (т) | |||
| | |||
| {{IPA|cʰ}} (ћ) | |||
| {{IPA|kʰ}} (к) | |||
| rowspan=3| {{IPA|qʰ~q͡χ}} (ҝ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=5| [[:w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | ! rowspan=5| [[:w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | ||
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | ! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | ||
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|p͡f}} (пф) | | rowspan=2| {{IPA|p͡f}} <small><ref name=c group=note>Mainly attested as a single phoneme in loanwords from German, but this analysis may be extended to native words as well</ref></small> (пф) | ||
| rowspan=2| {{IPA| | | rowspan=2| {{IPA|t͡n̥}}~{{IPA|θ}}<small><ref name=b group=note>Though /θ/ may be used as an allophone in any context, it naturally occurs in codas, especially word-finally. Both arise from archaic {{IPA|t͡θ}}</ref></small> (ц) | ||
| | |||
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (ч) | | {{IPA|t͡ʃ}} (ч) | ||
| rowspan=2| {{IPA|c͡ç}} (ӵ) | | rowspan=2| {{IPA|c͡ç}} (ӵ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{IPA|ʃt͡ʃ}} (щӀ) | | {{IPA|ʃt͡ʃ}} (щӀ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | ! rowspan=2| {{small|[[:w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2| | ||
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (џ) | | {{IPA|d͡ʒ}} (џ) | ||
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| | | | ||
| {{IPA|dⁿ~nˑ}} (дң) | | {{IPA|dⁿ~nˑ}} (дң) | ||
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ̃}} (џң) | |||
| {{IPA|ɟⁿ~ɲˑ}} (ђң) | | {{IPA|ɟⁿ~ɲˑ}} (ђң) | ||
| {{IPA|g̊ⁿ~ŋ}} (кң,гң) | | {{IPA|g̊ⁿ~ŋ}} (кң,гң) | ||
Line 634: | Line 618: | ||
! {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | ! {{small|[[:w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | ||
| {{IPA|f}} (ф) | | {{IPA|f}} (ф) | ||
| {{IPA|s}}<small><ref name=a group=note>No [[:w:Sibilant|hissing sibilants]] technically occur in this language's phonology, these symbols are meant to be interpreted as shorthand for their non-sibilant equivalents</ref></small> (с | | {{IPA|s}}<small><ref name=a group=note>No [[:w:Sibilant|hissing sibilants]] technically occur in this language's phonology, these symbols are meant to be interpreted as shorthand for their non-sibilant equivalents and to distinguish from their dental equivalents</ref></small> (с) | ||
| {{IPA|ʃ}} (ш) | | {{IPA|ʃ}} (ш) | ||
| {{IPA|ç}} (щ) | | {{IPA|ç}} (щ) | ||
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| {{IPA|v}} (в) | | {{IPA|v}} (в) | ||
| {{IPA|z}}<small><ref name=a group=note /></small> (з) | | {{IPA|z}}<small><ref name=a group=note /></small> (з) | ||
| {{IPA|ʒ}} (ж) | | {{IPA|ʒ}} (ж) | ||
| {{IPA|ʝ}} (җ) | | {{IPA|ʝ}} (җ) | ||
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| {{IPA|f̃}} (фң) | | {{IPA|f̃}} (фң) | ||
| {{IPA|s̃}} (сң) | | {{IPA|s̃}} (сң) | ||
| {{IPA|ʃ̃}} (шң) | | {{IPA|ʃ̃}} (шң) | ||
| {{IPA|ç̃}} (щң) | | {{IPA|ç̃}} (щң) | ||
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| | | | ||
| {{IPA|r~ɹ}} (р) | | {{IPA|r~ɹ}} (р) | ||
| {{IPA| | | {{IPA|ɹ̃}} (рң) | ||
| {{IPA|j}} (ь,й) | | {{IPA|j}} (ь,й) | ||
| {{IPA|w}} (ъ,ў) | | {{IPA|w}} (ъ,ў) | ||
Line 679: | Line 659: | ||
| {{IPA|l}}~{{IPA|ɮ}} (л) | | {{IPA|l}}~{{IPA|ɮ}} (л) | ||
| | | | ||
| {{IPA|ʎ}} (љ) | | {{IPA|ʎ}} (љ) | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| {{IPA|l̃}} (лң) | | {{IPA|l̃}} (лң) | ||
| | | | ||
| {{IPA|ʎ̃}} (љң) | | {{IPA|ʎ̃}} (љң) | ||
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| {{IPA|ə}} (ӕ) | | {{IPA|ə}} (ӕ) | ||
| {{IPA|ɞ}} (ө) | | {{IPA|ɞ}} (ө) | ||
| {{IPA|ʌ}} (о) | |colspan=2| {{IPA|ʌ}}~{{IPA|ɔ}} (о) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{small|nasal}} | ! {{small|nasal}} | ||
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| {{IPA|ə̃}} (ӕң) | | {{IPA|ə̃}} (ӕң) | ||
| {{IPA|ɞ̃}} (өң) | | {{IPA|ɞ̃}} (өң) | ||
| {{IPA|ʌ̃}} (оң) | |colspan=2| {{IPA|ʌ̃}}~{{IPA|ɔ̃}} (оң) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| [[:w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | !rowspan=2| [[:w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! {{small|nasal}} | ! {{small|nasal}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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