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Dhannuá (view source)

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'''Dhannuá''' (''dhannuá bhlóar'' [[User:Chrysophylax/Sandbox/IPA_for_Dhannuá|[ˈdʱannuaː ˈbʱloaːr]]] or ''dhannua aurónar'' [[User:Chrysophylax/Sandbox/IPA_for_Dhannuá|[ˈdʱannuaː ˈauroːnar]]]) is a [[Lúsanic languages| Lúsanic]] language, itself a branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in the archipelago of Aurónar. It is a continuation of [[Middle Dhannuá]], the official language used by courts during the [[Lúreian kingdom]], which in turn descends from the insular [[Old_Dhannuá#Dánair |Dánair]] dialect of [[Old Dhannuá]], spoken during the [[Lúsan Empire]].
'''Dhannuá''' (''dhannuá bhlóar'' [[User:Chrysophylax/Sandbox/IPA_for_Dhannuá|[ˈdʱannuaː ˈbʱloaːr]]] or ''dhannua aurónar'' [[User:Chrysophylax/Sandbox/IPA_for_Dhannuá|[ˈdʱannuaː ˈauroːnar]]]), also known as '''Aurónian''' is a [[Lúsanic languages| Lúsanic]] language, itself a branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in the archipelago of Aurónar. It is a continuation of [[Middle Dhannuá]], the official language used by courts during the [[Lúreian kingdom]], which in turn descends from the insular [[Old_Dhannuá#Dánair |Dánair]] dialect of [[Old Dhannuá]], spoken during the [[Lúsan Empire]].


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
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|agency        = [[Cósseneir Dhannuáor Aurónar]] (Council of The Language of Aurónar)
|agency        = [[Cósseneir Dhannuáor Aurónar]] (Council of The Language of Aurónar)
}}
}}
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==Classification==
==Classification==


Descending from a central Proto-Indo-European dialect spoken thousands of years ago Dhannuá is the sole extant member of the Dhannic group in the [[Lúsanic languages|Lúsanic branch]] of Indo-European. Various attempts to classify it together with Celtic, Italic or even Scythian have proven unsuccessful. Having performed the merger of palatal/plain stops, Dhannuá is categorised as a centum language.
Descending from a central Proto-Indo-European dialect spoken thousands of years ago Dhannuá is the sole extant member of the Dhannic group in the [[Lúsanic languages|Lúsanic branch]] of Indo-European. Various attempts to classify it as Celtic, Italic or even as a variant of Scythian have proven unsuccessful. Having performed the merger of palatal/plain stops, Dhannuá is categorised as a centum language.
==History==
==History==


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= Sounds =
== Phonology ==
{{Main|Dhannuán phonology}}
Dhannúa has 22-24 distinctive consonants.
 
===Consonants===
{|width="80%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="text-align:center; margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse"
|-bgcolor="#eeeeee"
!scope="col" colspan=2 width="100px" |
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Bilabial
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Labiode.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Dental
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveol.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Postalve.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Retrofl.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Palatal
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Uvular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Pharyn.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Epiglot.
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Glottal
|-
!scope="row"  colspan=2|Nasals
|colspan="2"|m
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|n
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Plosives
|colspan="1"|p pʰ
|colspan="1"|b bʱ
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="3"|t tʰ
|colspan="3"|d dʱ
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|k kʰ
|colspan="1"|g gʱ
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Fricatives
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|[f]
|colspan="1"|[v]
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|s
|colspan="1"|z
|colspan="1"|ʃ
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|h
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Fricatives
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Affricates
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="1"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
 
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Trills
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|r
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row" colspan=2|Flaps / taps
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
! rowspan=3 | Glides
!scope="row"|Approxim.
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="6"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Lateral Appr.
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="4"|
|colspan="2"|l
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|w
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|}
 
''The pronunciation of /f/ and its voiced counterpart /v/ is considered a dialectal variation on /pʰ/ and /bʱ/. Although they occur in a few standard words as borrowings from these dialects they are often not considered to belong in Dhannuá proper.''
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= Morphology =
== Grammar ==
{{Main|Dhannúan grammar}}
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
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Like many other Lúsanic languages Dhannúa has preserved an Indo-European synthetic-inflectional structure. Although there has been considerable change, certain words remain relatively unchanged from their theorised ancestor, such as the word for flower ''bhlór'' (reconstructed [[w:Proto-Indo-European language|'''PIE''':]]''*Bʰleh³-os'').
===Morphology===
Dhannúa has six noun cases – [[w:Nominative_case|nominative]], [[w:Genitive_case|genitive]], [[w:Accusative_case|accusative]], [[w:Dative case|dative]], [[w:Essive_case|essive]], [[w:Comitative_case|comitative]] - of which the first four are inherited from Indo-European.  The remaining two, the essive and comitative are innovations common to the [[Lúsanic_languages|Finio-Dhannic languages]]. Certain words appear to preserve a seventh case - the instrumental - but it is extremely rare to encounter this form in modern literature. There are two [[w:Grammatical number|numbers]] - singular and plural - although certain words are only encountered in one of these. [[w:Grammatical gender|Grammatical gender]] appears to be in process of disappearing from the language, Dhannuá originally having had three - masculine, feminine, neuter - but now tendencies to merge the first two are becoming increasingly prevalent in certain forms of the spoken language.


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Nouns
Nouns
Adjectives
Adjectives
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= Syntax =
=== Syntax ===


<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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[[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Lúsanic_languages]] [[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Lúsanic_languages]] [[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
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