Doidhesh

Doidhesh (native: Doidhesh/Dœðesc /ˈdøɪðɛʃ/) is an Anglic language descended from Old English.

Doidhesh
Doidhesh sweazh Dœðesc swjec
Pronunciation	[ˈdøɪðɛʃ ʃwɛʃ]
Created by	Shariifka
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic North Sea Germanic Anglo-Frisian Anglic Doidhesh
Early forms	Proto-Indo-European Proto-Germanic Old English

Introduction

Etymology

From Old English þēodisċ "vernacular language" < Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz "of the people" < *þeudō "people" + -iskaz "-ish".

Synchronically analyzable as doit/dœt "people" + -esh/-esc "-ish".

Phonology

Orthography

Two Latin-based orthograpies are used:

1. Egelstaiv/Egelstæf ("English letter(s)"): Based on Middle English orthography.
2. Teanstaiv/Tjenstæf ("Danish letter(s)"): Based on Old English orthography, reinforced by Old Norse.

This article will use both orthographies separated by a slash (/). The orthographies will be referred to as Egelstaiv and Tjenstæf respectively.

Consonants

Comparison of Doidhesh orthographies - Consonants

IPA	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf
m	m	m
p	p; pp¹	p; pp¹
b	b	b
f	f; v²	f; ff¹
v	v	v
n	n	n
t	t; tt¹	t; tt¹
d	d	d
θ	th; dh²	þ; þþ¹
ð	dh	ð
s	s; z²	s; ss¹
z	z	z
r	r	r
l	l	l
tʃ	tch; t³	tc; tj; t_j⁴; tsc
dʒ	j; d³	dj; d_j⁴
ʃ	sh; zh²; s³	c; cc¹; sc⁵; sj; ssj¹; s_j⁴; s⁶
ʒ	zh; z³	zj; z_j⁴; cz⁷
ɲ	ny; n³	nj; n_j⁴
c	k³	kj; k_j⁴
ɟ	g³	gj; g_j⁴
ç	h³	hj; h_j⁴
j	y; ∅³	j
ʎ	l³	lj; l_j⁴
ŋ	n⁸	n⁸
k	k	k
ɡ	g	g
x	h⁹; ch; gh²	h; hh¹
w	w; ∅¹⁰	w

Notes:

¹ Word-finally when it does not lenite.

² Word-finally when it lenites.

³ Before ea and eo, even if there is intervening -w-.

⁴ When separated with -w-.

⁵ Does not lenite when word-final.

⁶ Before tj.

⁷ When lenited from -c.

⁸ Before velar consonants.

⁹ Word-initially.

¹⁰ Before oa.

Vowels

Comparison of Doidhesh orthographies - Vowels

IPA	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf
ɑ	a	a
æ	ä	ä
aʊ	au	á
aɪ	ai	æ
ɛ	e	e
eɪ	ei	é
jɛ; ɛ¹	ea	je
ɪ	i	i
i	ie	í
ɔ	o	o
oʊ	ou	ó
wɔ; ɔ²	oa	wo
ʊ	u	u
u	ue	ú
œ	ö	ö
øɪ	oi	œ
jœ; œ¹	eo	jö
ʏ	ü	y
y	üe	ý
œʊ	eu	öu
jœʊ; œʊ¹	eou	jöu

Notes:

¹ When previous consonant is palatalized.

² After /w/.

Morphophonology

Lenition

When a word ending in a voiceless stop or fricative has a vowel-initial suffix added, the final consonant becomes a voiced fricative. This is known as lenition.

Not all such words undergo lenition. Whether a word undergoes lenition or not is predictable from its orthography.

The table below summarizes the consonants that can undergo lenition when they occur at the end of a word. Note that this table specifically indicates how consonants are written word-finally and when lenited. The same phonemes may be written differently in other environments.

Word-final consonants that can undergo lenition

Phoneme	Unlenited form		Lenited form			Non-leniting equivalent
	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf	IPA	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf
p	p	p	v	v	v	pp	pp
f	v	f				f	ff
t	t	t	ð	dh	ð	tt	tt
θ	dh	þ				th	þþ
s	z	s	z	z	z	s	ss
ʃ	zh	c	ʒ	zh	cz	sh	cc, sc
k	k	k	∅¹	∅¹	∅¹	ck	kk
x	gh	h				ch	hh

Notes:

¹ The consonant is dropped, leading to predictable vowel simplifications (see the next section below).

Vowel simplifications

When vowels are brought into hiatus, due to the addition of a vowel-initial suffix to a vowel-final word or the lenition of /k/ or /x/, the hiatus is simplified according to the following rules.

First vowel		Second vowel		Result		Remarks
Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf
a, au, ä, ai	a, á, ä, æ	ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	ai	æ
a, au, ä, ai	a, á, ä, æ	a, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou	a, á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	au	á
e, ei	e, é	a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í	ei	é
e, ei	e, é	au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	eu	öu
e, ei	e, é	ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ö, œ, jö, y, ý	oi	œ
ea	je	a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í	ea	je
ea	je	au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	eou	jöu
ea	je	ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ö, œ, jö, y, ý	oi	œ
i, ie	i, í	a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í	ie	í
i, ie	i, í	au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	üe	ý
o, ou	o, ó	ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	oi	œ
o, ou	o, ó	a, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	ou	ó
oa	wo	ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	oi	œ
oa	wo	a, au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	oa	wo
u, ue	u, ú	ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	üe	ý
u, ue	u, ú	a,au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	ue	ú
ö, oi	ö, œ	a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	oi	œ
ö, oi	ö, œ	au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	eu	öu
eo	jö	a, ä, ai, e, ei, ea, i, ie, ö, oi, eo, ü, üe	ä, æ, e, é, je, i, í, ö, œ, jö, y, ý	eo	jö
eo	jö	au, o, ou, oa, u, ue, eu, eou	á, o, ó, wo, u, ú, öu, jöu	eou	jöu
ü, üe	y, ý	Any vowel		üe	ý

Morphology

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

	Subject	Object	Possessive
1S	meizh/méc	mei/mé	mien/mín
2S	due/dú	dei/dé	dien/dín
3SM	sei/sé	soan/swon	saiz/sæs
3SF	soi/sœ	soa/swo	sear/sjer
3SN	daidh/dæþ	daidh/dæþ	daiz/dæs
1P	bei/bé	buez/bús	buer/búr
2P	jei/djé	jeu/djöu	jeur/djöur
3P	goi/gœ	gein/gén	geor/gjör

Numerals

Number	Cardinal		Ordinal
	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf	Egelstaiv	Tjenstæf
0	noucht	nóht	nouchth	nóhþ
1	oan	won	worm	worm
2	thwoa	þwo	thwoudher	þwóðer
3	droi	drœ	drett	drett
4	heour	hjöur	heourdh	hjöurþ
5	wiev	wíf	wift	wift
6	sois	sœs	soist	sœst
7	seoun	sjöun	seound	sjöund
8	ächt	äht	ächth	ähþ
9	nein	nén	neind	nénd
10	thüen	þýn	thoidh	þœþ
11	eleun	elöun	eleund	elöund
12	thwelv	þwelf	thwelft	þwelft
13	droidhün	drœðyn	droidhödh	drœðöþ
14	heourdhün	hjöurðyn	heourdhödh	hjöurðöþ
15	wiftün	wiftyn	wiftödh	wiftöþ
16	soistün	sœstyn	soistödh	sœstöþ
17	seoundün	sjöundyn	seoundödh	sjöundöþ
18	ächtün	ähtyn	ächtödh	ähtöþ
19	neindün	néndyn	neindödh	néndöþ
20	thwendei	þwendé	thwendeidh	þwendéþ

Verbs

The citation form of verbs is generally infinitive, present, past.

Doidhesh verbs do not conjugate for person or number.

Verbs are conjugated for three aspects, three tenses, and three voices.

Tenses are marked by the verb form:

• Present: Uses present form.
• Past: Uses past form.
• Future: Uses future form.
  • This is formed by replacing the final -n of the infinitive with -d.

Aspects are marked with particles preceding the verb:

• Imperfective: No marker
• Perfective: poi/pœ
• Habitual: bed

Voices are marked with particles preceding the aspect marker:

• Active: No marker
• Middle: toun/tón
• Passive: maudh/máþ

Note that subject pronouns are obligatory, and they come before the voice marker.

In summary, a verb is formed as follows: subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + verb in appropriate tense

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

Eagelstaiv: Äl mangün goi maudh pear beazed goi vroi od jeliezh en börd od jericht. Goi maudh jeiv bistom od jüedh, älso goi shail akroav älshoudher en kost auv brodhershev.

Tjenstæf: Äl mangyn gœ máþ pjer bjezed gœ vrœ od djelíc en börd od djeriht. Gœ máþ djéf bistom od jýþ, älso gœ scæl akrwof älcóðer en kost áf bróðerscef.