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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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Some positional-classificatory verbs have acquired further meanings, for example the reflexive of "to put down a non-contained liquid" (or, simply, "to pour") means "to rain", which can then also be specified with the cislocative prefix: cf. ''ijmaika'' (id-s-me-ik-a) "it's raining [here]", ''līlā idemaika'' (id-eme-ik-a) "it has rained in Līlah [we are/were in another city]", ''līlā ijemaika'' (id-s-eme-ik-a) "it has rained in Līlah [we are/were there]". | Some positional-classificatory verbs have acquired further meanings, for example the reflexive of "to put down a non-contained liquid" (or, simply, "to pour") means "to rain", which can then also be specified with the cislocative prefix: cf. ''ijmaika'' (id-s-me-ik-a) "it's raining [here]", ''līlā idemaika'' (id-eme-ik-a) "it has rained in Līlah [we are/were in another city]", ''līlā ijemaika'' (id-s-eme-ik-a) "it has rained in Līlah [we are/were there]". | ||
The following table indicates all positional-classificatory verb roots with the respective ablaut classes: | |||
{| class="redtable lightredbg" | {| class="redtable lightredbg" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Spherical/proportionate | ! Spherical/proportionate | ||
| (utyuva) || rowspan=3 | - || - || ''√tyu-'' || rowspan=3 | - || - || ''√yup-'' || - || - || ''√klem-'' || - || ''√śro-'' | | (utyuva) || rowspan=3 | - || - || ''√tyu-'' <small>(0)</small> || rowspan=3 | - || - || ''√yup-'' <small>(0)</small> || - || - || ''√klem-'' <small>(II)</small> || - || ''√śro-'' <small>(III)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Long, stiff objects | ! Long, stiff objects | ||
| (akā) || (achāsa) || ''√kā-'' || ''√chās-'' || '' | | (akā) || (achāsa) || ''√kā-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√chās-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√dom-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√lon-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√yaṅk-'' <small>(I)</small> || ''√eñj-'' <small>(II)</small> || rowspan=2 | ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || rowspan=2 | ''√kon-'' <small>(III)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ropes<br/>Long, non stiff objects | ! Ropes<br/>Long, non stiff objects | ||
| (apṣma) || - || ''√pṣam-'' || - || ''ta-√pṣam-'' || rowspan=4 | - || - || - | | (apṣma) || - || ''√pṣam-'' <small>(I)</small> || - || ''ta-√pṣam-'' <small>(I)</small> || rowspan=4 | - || - || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
! People, children<br/>Pets and farm animals | ! People, children<br/>Pets and farm animals | ||
| ''- | | ''-√oṭ-'' <small>(III)</small><br/>(-uɂuṭa) || ''-√ko-'' <small>(III)</small><br>(-akava) || ''-√de-'' <small>(II)</small><br/>(-edaya) || ''-√oṭ-on-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''-√ko-on'' <small>(III)</small><br/>(-kavon-) || ''-√de-on-'' <small>(II)</small><br/>(-dayon-) || ''-√tol-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√yaṅk-'' <small>(I)</small> || ''√eñj-'' <small>(II)</small> || rowspan=7 | - || <small>''(√yug-)'' (0) </small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Masses, generic/uncategorized<br/>Contained, heterogeneous masses<br/>Figurative | ! Masses, generic/uncategorized<br/>Contained, heterogeneous masses<br/>Figurative | ||
| (amyava) || rowspan=6 | - || rowspan=6 | - || ''√myo-'' || rowspan=6 | - || rowspan=6 | - || ''ta-√myo-'' || rowspan=2 | - || ''√ilm-'' || ''√kon-'' | | (amyava) || rowspan=6 | - || rowspan=6 | - || ''√myo-'' <small>(II)</small> || rowspan=6 | - || rowspan=6 | - || ''ta-√myo-'' <small>(II)</small> || rowspan=2 | - || ''√ilm-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√kon-'' <small>(III)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Non-contained liquids | ! Non-contained liquids | ||
| (emaya) || ''√me-'' || - || - || ''√mañc-'' | | (emaya) || ''√me-'' <small>(II)</small> || - || - || ''√mañc-'' <small>(0)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Contained liquids | ! Contained liquids | ||
| (aśoma) || ''√śom-'' || rowspan=2 | ''√pse-'' || rowspan=2 | '' | | (aśoma) || ''√śom-'' <small>(III)</small> || rowspan=2 | ''√pse-'' <small>(II)</small> || rowspan=2 | ''√lon-'' <small>(III)</small> || rowspan=2 | ''√so-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√klem-'' <small>(II)</small> || rowspan=2 | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Contained masses of homogeneous solids | ! Contained masses of homogeneous solids | ||
| (aiya) || ''√ī-'' || ''√ilm-'' | | (aiya) || ''√ī-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√ilm-'' <small>(0)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Contained masses of heterogeneous solids<br/>Mixed bundles | ! Contained masses of heterogeneous solids<br/>Mixed bundles | ||
| (utyuva) || ''√tyu-'' || ''√yup-'' || ''√ilm-'' || ''√so-'' || ''√klem-'' || ''√śro-'' | | (utyuva) || ''√tyu-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√yup-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√ilm-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√so-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√klem-'' <small>(II)</small> || ''√śro-'' <small>(III)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Sheets, paper sheets<br/>Slabs, rocks | ! Sheets, paper sheets<br/>Slabs, rocks | ||
| (ahāsa) || ''√hās-'' || ''ta-√hās-'' || ''√ilm-'' || ''√so-'' || '' | | (ahāsa) || ''√hās-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''ta-√hās-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√ilm-'' <small>(0)</small> || ''√so-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√yug-'' <small>(0)</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Large objects that cannot be carried<br/>Wild animals | ! Large objects that cannot be carried<br/>Wild animals | ||
| (-edaya) || (utūṣa) || (achāsa) || ''-√de-'' || ''√tvoṣ-'' || ''√chās-'' || - || - || - || '' | | (-edaya) || (utūṣa) || (achāsa) || ''-√de-'' <small>(II)</small> || ''√tvoṣ-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√chās-'' <small>(0)</small> || - || - || - || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || ''√khol-'' <small>(III)</small> || - | ||
|} | |} | ||