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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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→Verbs (darūmmai)
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|+ Dundulanyä verb structure | |+ Dundulanyä verb structure | ||
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| rowspan=2 | Positional prefix || rowspan=2 | ''-sa-''<br/>inverse deixis prefix || Incorporated verbal root || rowspan=2 | '''Stem''' || rowspan=2 | Tense markers || rowspan=2 | Ablative motion marker || rowspan=2 | '''Evidential marker''' || rowspan=2 | '''Trigger/voice''' || rowspan=2 | '''Personal agreement''' || rowspan=2 | Dative agreement || rowspan=2 | Verb-final conjunctions | | rowspan=2 | Positional prefix || rowspan=2 | ''-sa-''<br/>inverse deixis prefix || Incorporated verbal root || rowspan=2 | '''Stem''' || rowspan=2 | Tense markers || rowspan=2 | Ablative motion marker || rowspan=2 | '''Evidential marker''' || rowspan=2 | Causative or applicative marker || rowspan=2 | '''Trigger/voice''' || rowspan=2 | '''Personal agreement''' || rowspan=2 | Dative agreement || rowspan=2 | Verb-final conjunctions | ||
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|| Incorporated nominal root | || Incorporated nominal root | ||
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* ''śan-'' (I) "to breathe": <small>DES</small> ś-śan-s- → ''kṣaṃs-'' (rarely ''śaśaṃs-''); <small>NEC</small> śa-śn-sū- → ''śaśñāsū-''; <small>POT</small> ś-śan-nā- → ''kṣannā-'' (rarely ''śaśannā-''); <small>PERM</small> śī-śn-ūd- → ''śīśñūd-''; <small>INT</small> śā-śn-ī- → ''śāśñī-''. | * ''śan-'' (I) "to breathe": <small>DES</small> ś-śan-s- → ''kṣaṃs-'' (rarely ''śaśaṃs-''); <small>NEC</small> śa-śn-sū- → ''śaśñāsū-''; <small>POT</small> ś-śan-nā- → ''kṣannā-'' (rarely ''śaśannā-''); <small>PERM</small> śī-śn-ūd- → ''śīśñūd-''; <small>INT</small> śā-śn-ī- → ''śāśñī-''. | ||
==== | ====Causative, applicative and trigger (voice) markers==== | ||
There are | There are six possible trigger (voice) markers: | ||
* '''-∅-''' patient trigger; | * '''-∅-''' patient trigger; | ||
* '''-ū-''' ('''-e-''' in the past tense only) agent trigger; | * '''-ū-''' ('''-e-''' in the past tense only) agent trigger; | ||
* '''-ik-''' reflexive trigger; | * '''-ik-''' reflexive trigger; | ||
** '''-ik-ū-''' (or '''-ik-e-'''), combination of agent and reflexive triggers, for the reciprocal voice; | ** '''-ik-ū-''' (or '''-ik-e-'''), combination of agent and reflexive triggers, for the reciprocal voice; | ||
* '''-mi-''' circumstantial (benefactive or instrumental) trigger; | * '''-mi-''' circumstantial (benefactive or instrumental) trigger; | ||
* '''-īs-''' locative trigger; | * '''-īs-''' locative trigger; | ||
* '''-bai-''' reason trigger. | * '''-bai-''' reason trigger. | ||
The causative ('''-on-''' or '''-n-''') and applicative ('''-im-''' or '''-m-''') markers fill the slot preceding the trigger marker, but unlike the latter those markers are not mandatory. | |||
====Evidential markers==== | ====Evidential markers==== | ||